E-administration in Polish and Hungarian Municipalities – a Comparative Analysis of the Regulatory Issues
English
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/20.3.617-640(2022)Keywords:
digitalization, e-administration, cybersecurity, Poland, Hungary, digitalization of municipal authorities, municipal administration, comparative analysisAbstract
E-administration became on important issues of the development of the municipal administrations. In this paper we examined the regulation of Poland and Hungary to examine the challenges of these reforms. The Polish and Hungarian municipalities have been strongly influenced by the digitalisation. In the fields of administrative decisions, decision-making and public service provision new tools and methods have been introduced. We should emphasise, that the centrally operated platforms can be even interpreted as a new, ‘soft’ tool of the centralisation. However, the Polish and Hungarian systems are similar, but there are differences which are related to the different competences and spatial structure of the municipal systems of the two countries.
References
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Baranyi, B. (2018) Sommás eljárás és teljes eljárás, In: Barabás, G., Baranyi, B. & Fazekas, M. (eds.) Kommentár az általános közigazgatási rendtartásról szóló törvényhez (Budapest: Complex), pp. 310-320.
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Bożek, M., Czuryk, M., Karpiuk, M. & Kostrubiec, J. (2014) Służby specjalne w strukturze władz publicznych: Zagadnienia prawnoustrojowe (Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer).
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Czuryk, M. (2021) Activities of the Local Government During a State of Natural Disaster, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(4), pp. 111-124, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.111-124.
Czuryk, M. (2019) Supporting the development of telecommunications services and networks through local and regional government bodies, and cybersecurity, Cybersecurity and Law, 2, pp. 39-50.
Czuryk, M. & Kostrubiec, J. (2019) The legal status of local self-government in the feld of public security, Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem, 41(1), pp. 33-47, https://doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.41.1.3.
Fábián, A. & Hoffman, I. (2014) Local self-governments, In: Patyi, A. & Rixer, A. (eds.) Hungarian Public Administration and Administrative Law (Passau: Schenk Verlag), pp. 320-349.
Hoffman, I. (2015) Gondolatok a 21. századi önkormányzati jog fontosabb intézményeiről és modelljeiről (Budapest: ELTE Eötvös).
Hoffman, I. (2020) Application of Administrative Law in the Time of Reforms in the Light of the Scope of Judicial Review in Hungary, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 29(3), pp. 101-116, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.3.101-116.
Hoffman I. (2021) Cybersecurity and public administration in the time of corona(virus) – in the light of the recent Hungarian challenges [Cyberbezpieczeństwo a administracja publiczna w czasah koronawirusa w odniesieniu do niedawnych wyzwań na Węgrzech], Cybersecurity and Law, 3(1), pp. 145-158.
Hoffman, I., Fazekas, J. & Rozsnyai, K. (2016) Concentrating or Centralising Public Services? The Changing Roles of the Hungarian Inter-municipal Associations in the Last Decades, Lex localis ¬– Journal of Local Self-governments, 14(3), pp. 451-471, https://doi.org/10.4335/14.3.451-471(2016).
Joseph, R. C. & Kitlan, D. P. (2008) Key Issues in E-Government and Public Administration, In: Garson, D. G. & Khosrow-Pour, M. (eds.) Handbook of Research on Public Information Technology (Hershey: Information Science Reference), pp. 1-11.
Juhász, Z., Virányi, G., Hegedűs, T. & Visztra, T. (2020) A Nemzetbiztonsági Szakszolgálat hatósági feladatai, Nemzetbiztonsági Szemle, 8(1), pp. 126-147, https://doi.org/10.32561/nsz.2020.1.8.
Karpiuk, M. (2021a) Organisation of the National System of Cybersecurity: Selected Issues, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(2), pp. 233-234, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.2.233-244.
Karpiuk, M. (2021b) The Local Government’s Position in the Polish Cybersecurity System, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 19(3), pp. 609-620, https://doi.org/10.4335/19.3.609-620(2021).
Karpiuk, M. & Włodek, T. (2020) Wygaśnięcie mandatu wójta na skutek skazania na karę grzywny za niedopełnienie obowiązków z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego: Glosa do wyroku Sądu Rejonowego w P. z dnia 18 kwietnia 2019 r. (II K 1164/14), Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 29(1), pp. 273-290, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.1.273-290.
Karpiuk, M. & Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, K. (2015) Informacja i informatyzacja w administracji publicznej (Warszawa: AON).
Karpiuk, M. & Kostrubiec, J. (2017) Rechtsstatus der territorialen Selbstverwaltung in Polen (Olsztyn: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie), available at: https://www.ceeol.com/search/book-detail?id=621502 (October 25, 2021).
Kostrubiec, J. (2013) Kontrola administracji publicznej, In: Karpiuk, M. & Kowalski, J (eds.) Administracja publiczna i prawo administracyjne w zarysie (Warszawa-Poznań: Polskie Wydawnictwo Prawnicze IURIS), pp. 329-364.
Kostrubiec, J. (2021a) The Role of inter-municipal Cooperation in the Process of Urbanisation in Poland, In: Hoffman, I., Rozsnyai, K. F. & Nagy, M. (eds) Urbanisation and Local Government(s) (Maribor: Institute for Local Self-Government Maribor), pp. 15-28, https://doi.org/10.4335/2021.7.2.
Kostrubiec, J. (2021b) The Role of Public Order Regulations as Acts of Local Law in the Performance of Tasks in the Field of Public Security by Local Self-government in Poland, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-government, 19(1), pp. 111-129, https://doi.org/10.4335/19.1.111-129(2021).
Król, K. & Zdonek, D. (2020) Local Government Website Accessibility—Evidence from Poland, Administrative Sciences, 10(2), pp. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10020022.
Krzykowski, P. (2020) Komentarz do art. 14, In: Karpiuk, M., Krzykowski, P. & Skóra, A. (eds.) Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego, Komentarz do art. 1-60, (Olsztyn: UWM), pp. 78-80.
Liou, K. T. & Wang, X. H. (2019) Managerial Value, Financial Condition, and Downsizing Reform: A Study of U.S. City Governments, Public Personnel Management, 48(4), pp. 471-492, https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026019826144.
Lytras, M. D. & Visvizi, A. (2018) Who Uses Smart City Services and What to Make of It: Toward Interdisciplinary Smart Cities Research, Sustainabilty, 10(6), pp. 1998-2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061998.
Manoharan, A. P. & Ingrams, A. (2018) Conceptualizing E-Government from Local Government Perspectives, State and Local Government Review, 50(1), pp. 56-66, https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X18763964.
Maurer, H. & Waldhoff, C. (2020) Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht (München: C. H. Beck).
Munk, S. (2018) Kiberbiztonsági eseménykezelő szervezetek rendeltetése, feladatai, Hadmérnök, 13(3), pp. 427-436.
Opaliński, B., Rogalski, M. & Szustakiewicz, P. (2017) Ustawa o Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego oraz Agencji Wywiadu. Komentarz (Warszawa: C.H.Beck).
OSAP 1229 – Hatósági statisztika, available at: www.kormany.hu/hu/dok?page=10&source=7&type=308#!DocumentBrowse (November 5, 2021)
Paskaleva-Shapira, K. (2009) Assessing Local Readiness for City E-Governance in Europe, In: Reddick, C. G. (ed.) Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation: Comparative Studies (Hershey: Information Science Reference), pp. 62-82.
Potěšil, L., Rozsnyai, K., Olszanowski, J. & Horvat, M. (2021) Simplification of Administrative Procedure on the Example of the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary (V4 Countries), Administrative Sciences, 11(1), 9, pp. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010009.
Rozsnyai, K. (2021) The Procedural Autonomy of Hungarian Administrative Justice as a Precondition of Effective Judicial Protection, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(4), pp. 491-503, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.491-503.
Sá, F., Rocha, Á. & Pérez Cota, M. (2016) Potential dimensions for a local e-Government services quality model, Telematics and Informatics, 33, pp. 270-276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.08.005.
Skóra, A. & Kardasz, P. (2021) Legal Effects of Failures to Technical Devices and ICT Networks Which Are Used for Submitting Electronic Applications to Administrative Authorities and Legal Effects of Errors in Data Transmission of e-Submission: Comments Based on General Administrative Proceedings in Poland, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(4), pp. 301-313, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.301-313.
Szigeti, E. (2013) A közigazgatás területi változásai, In: T. M. Horváth (ed.) Kilengések, Közszolgáltatási változások (Budapest & Pécs: Dialóg Campus), pp. 269-290.
Szűcs, J. (1983) Vázlat Európa három történeti régiójáról (Budapest: Magvető).
Tanaka, H., Matsuura, K. & Sudoh, O. (2005) Vulnerability and information security investment: An empirical analysis of e-local government in Japan, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 24 (1), pp. 37-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2004.12.003.
Wohlers, T. E. (2010) Local E-Government Sophistication in the United States, In: Scholl, H. J. (ed.) E-Government: Information, Technology and Transformation (London, New York: Routledge), pp. 89-106.
Balázs, I. (2014) ‘L’intercommunalité en Hongrie’, In : Steckel-Assouère, M.C. (ed.) Regards croisés sur les mutations de l’intercommunalité (Paris: L’Harmattan), pp. 425-435.
Balázs, I. & Hoffman, I. (2017) Can (Re)Centralization Be a Modern Governance in Rural Areas?, Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 50E, pp. 5-20, http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.2017.0001.
Baranyi, B. (2018) Sommás eljárás és teljes eljárás, In: Barabás, G., Baranyi, B. & Fazekas, M. (eds.) Kommentár az általános közigazgatási rendtartásról szóló törvényhez (Budapest: Complex), pp. 310-320.
Baranyi, B. (2020) Az elektronikus ügyintézés szabályai, In: M. Fazekas (ed.) Közigazgatási jog. Általános rész III (Budapest: ELTE Eötvös), pp. 315-325.
Beynon-Davies, P. & Martin, S. (2004) Electronic Local Government and the Modernisation Agenda: Progress and Prospects for Public Service Improvement, Local Government Studies, 30(2), pp. 214-229, https://doi.org/10.1080/0300303042000267245.
Bowman, A. O’M. & Kearney, R. C. (2016) State and Local Government (Boston: Cengage Learning).
Bożek, M., Czuryk, M., Karpiuk, M. & Kostrubiec, J. (2014) Służby specjalne w strukturze władz publicznych: Zagadnienia prawnoustrojowe (Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer).
Burgi, M. (2019) Kommunalrecht (München: C. H. Beck).
Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, K. (2019) Cyberbezpieczeństwo – zagadnienia definicyjne, Cybersecurity and Law, 2, pp. 7-23.
Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, K., Karpiuk, M. & Kostrubiec, J. (2021) The Legal Status of Public Entities in the Field of Cybersecurity in Poland (Maribor: Institute for Local Self-Government Maribor).
Czuryk, M. (2021) Activities of the Local Government During a State of Natural Disaster, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(4), pp. 111-124, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.111-124.
Czuryk, M. (2019) Supporting the development of telecommunications services and networks through local and regional government bodies, and cybersecurity, Cybersecurity and Law, 2, pp. 39-50.
Czuryk, M. & Kostrubiec, J. (2019) The legal status of local self-government in the feld of public security, Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem, 41(1), pp. 33-47, https://doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.41.1.3.
Fábián, A. & Hoffman, I. (2014) Local self-governments, In: Patyi, A. & Rixer, A. (eds.) Hungarian Public Administration and Administrative Law (Passau: Schenk Verlag), pp. 320-349.
Hoffman, I. (2015) Gondolatok a 21. századi önkormányzati jog fontosabb intézményeiről és modelljeiről (Budapest: ELTE Eötvös).
Hoffman, I. (2020) Application of Administrative Law in the Time of Reforms in the Light of the Scope of Judicial Review in Hungary, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 29(3), pp. 101-116, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.3.101-116.
Hoffman I. (2021) Cybersecurity and public administration in the time of corona(virus) – in the light of the recent Hungarian challenges [Cyberbezpieczeństwo a administracja publiczna w czasah koronawirusa w odniesieniu do niedawnych wyzwań na Węgrzech], Cybersecurity and Law, 3(1), pp. 145-158.
Hoffman, I., Fazekas, J. & Rozsnyai, K. (2016) Concentrating or Centralising Public Services? The Changing Roles of the Hungarian Inter-municipal Associations in the Last Decades, Lex localis ¬– Journal of Local Self-governments, 14(3), pp. 451-471, https://doi.org/10.4335/14.3.451-471(2016).
Joseph, R. C. & Kitlan, D. P. (2008) Key Issues in E-Government and Public Administration, In: Garson, D. G. & Khosrow-Pour, M. (eds.) Handbook of Research on Public Information Technology (Hershey: Information Science Reference), pp. 1-11.
Juhász, Z., Virányi, G., Hegedűs, T. & Visztra, T. (2020) A Nemzetbiztonsági Szakszolgálat hatósági feladatai, Nemzetbiztonsági Szemle, 8(1), pp. 126-147, https://doi.org/10.32561/nsz.2020.1.8.
Karpiuk, M. (2021a) Organisation of the National System of Cybersecurity: Selected Issues, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(2), pp. 233-234, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.2.233-244.
Karpiuk, M. (2021b) The Local Government’s Position in the Polish Cybersecurity System, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 19(3), pp. 609-620, https://doi.org/10.4335/19.3.609-620(2021).
Karpiuk, M. & Włodek, T. (2020) Wygaśnięcie mandatu wójta na skutek skazania na karę grzywny za niedopełnienie obowiązków z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego: Glosa do wyroku Sądu Rejonowego w P. z dnia 18 kwietnia 2019 r. (II K 1164/14), Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 29(1), pp. 273-290, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.1.273-290.
Karpiuk, M. & Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, K. (2015) Informacja i informatyzacja w administracji publicznej (Warszawa: AON).
Karpiuk, M. & Kostrubiec, J. (2017) Rechtsstatus der territorialen Selbstverwaltung in Polen (Olsztyn: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie), available at: https://www.ceeol.com/search/book-detail?id=621502 (October 25, 2021).
Kostrubiec, J. (2013) Kontrola administracji publicznej, In: Karpiuk, M. & Kowalski, J (eds.) Administracja publiczna i prawo administracyjne w zarysie (Warszawa-Poznań: Polskie Wydawnictwo Prawnicze IURIS), pp. 329-364.
Kostrubiec, J. (2021a) The Role of inter-municipal Cooperation in the Process of Urbanisation in Poland, In: Hoffman, I., Rozsnyai, K. F. & Nagy, M. (eds) Urbanisation and Local Government(s) (Maribor: Institute for Local Self-Government Maribor), pp. 15-28, https://doi.org/10.4335/2021.7.2.
Kostrubiec, J. (2021b) The Role of Public Order Regulations as Acts of Local Law in the Performance of Tasks in the Field of Public Security by Local Self-government in Poland, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-government, 19(1), pp. 111-129, https://doi.org/10.4335/19.1.111-129(2021).
Król, K. & Zdonek, D. (2020) Local Government Website Accessibility—Evidence from Poland, Administrative Sciences, 10(2), pp. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10020022.
Krzykowski, P. (2020) Komentarz do art. 14, In: Karpiuk, M., Krzykowski, P. & Skóra, A. (eds.) Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego, Komentarz do art. 1-60, (Olsztyn: UWM), pp. 78-80.
Liou, K. T. & Wang, X. H. (2019) Managerial Value, Financial Condition, and Downsizing Reform: A Study of U.S. City Governments, Public Personnel Management, 48(4), pp. 471-492, https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026019826144.
Lytras, M. D. & Visvizi, A. (2018) Who Uses Smart City Services and What to Make of It: Toward Interdisciplinary Smart Cities Research, Sustainabilty, 10(6), pp. 1998-2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061998.
Manoharan, A. P. & Ingrams, A. (2018) Conceptualizing E-Government from Local Government Perspectives, State and Local Government Review, 50(1), pp. 56-66, https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X18763964.
Maurer, H. & Waldhoff, C. (2020) Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht (München: C. H. Beck).
Munk, S. (2018) Kiberbiztonsági eseménykezelő szervezetek rendeltetése, feladatai, Hadmérnök, 13(3), pp. 427-436.
Opaliński, B., Rogalski, M. & Szustakiewicz, P. (2017) Ustawa o Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego oraz Agencji Wywiadu. Komentarz (Warszawa: C.H.Beck).
OSAP 1229 – Hatósági statisztika, available at: www.kormany.hu/hu/dok?page=10&source=7&type=308#!DocumentBrowse (November 5, 2021)
Paskaleva-Shapira, K. (2009) Assessing Local Readiness for City E-Governance in Europe, In: Reddick, C. G. (ed.) Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation: Comparative Studies (Hershey: Information Science Reference), pp. 62-82.
Potěšil, L., Rozsnyai, K., Olszanowski, J. & Horvat, M. (2021) Simplification of Administrative Procedure on the Example of the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary (V4 Countries), Administrative Sciences, 11(1), 9, pp. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010009.
Rozsnyai, K. (2021) The Procedural Autonomy of Hungarian Administrative Justice as a Precondition of Effective Judicial Protection, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(4), pp. 491-503, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.491-503.
Sá, F., Rocha, Á. & Pérez Cota, M. (2016) Potential dimensions for a local e-Government services quality model, Telematics and Informatics, 33, pp. 270-276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.08.005.
Skóra, A. & Kardasz, P. (2021) Legal Effects of Failures to Technical Devices and ICT Networks Which Are Used for Submitting Electronic Applications to Administrative Authorities and Legal Effects of Errors in Data Transmission of e-Submission: Comments Based on General Administrative Proceedings in Poland, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 30(4), pp. 301-313, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.301-313.
Szigeti, E. (2013) A közigazgatás területi változásai, In: T. M. Horváth (ed.) Kilengések, Közszolgáltatási változások (Budapest & Pécs: Dialóg Campus), pp. 269-290.
Szűcs, J. (1983) Vázlat Európa három történeti régiójáról (Budapest: Magvető).
Tanaka, H., Matsuura, K. & Sudoh, O. (2005) Vulnerability and information security investment: An empirical analysis of e-local government in Japan, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 24 (1), pp. 37-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2004.12.003.
Wohlers, T. E. (2010) Local E-Government Sophistication in the United States, In: Scholl, H. J. (ed.) E-Government: Information, Technology and Transformation (London, New York: Routledge), pp. 89-106.
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2022-06-21
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