Ravnanje z odpadki v Sloveniji: izzivi, spremembe in pot naprej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52152/23.3.125-148(2025)Ključne besede:
Ravnanje z odpadki, recikliranje, turizem, prekomerna embalaža, zakoni EUPovzetek
Slovenija se pri ravnanju z odpadki in recikliranju sooča z več ovirami, na katere vplivajo zakoni, finančne omejitve in zunanji dejavniki, kot je turizem. Med ključnimi vprašanji so stroški storitev ravnanja z odpadki, ki jih določa velikost zabojnika ali teža odpadkov, in znatno nastajanje odpadkov v turizmu, zlasti poleti. Prevelika embalaža ovira prizadevanja za recikliranje. Padec turistov leta 2020 je zaradi globalnih razmer verjetno vplival na prakse ravnanja z odpadki. Recikliranje, zlasti kuhinjskih bioloških odpadkov in plastike, se sooča z izzivi učinkovitosti. Pomanjkanje objektov, kot so enote za kompostiranje, in več zabojnikov za ločevanje odpadkov v nekaterih domovih dodatno otežuje situacijo. V širšem obsegu zakonodaja EU narekuje spremembe v praksi ravnanja z odpadki v Sloveniji. Ti izzivi poudarjajo potrebo po celovitem pristopu, vključno z boljšimi objekti, skladnostjo z zakoni, izobraževanjem javnosti o razvrščanju odpadkov in prilagajanjem tržnim spremembam, kot je porast spletnega nakupovanja.Literatura
ARSO. (2021). Waste (SOER). Retrieved from https://www.arso.gov.si/en/soer/waste.html
ARSO. (2023). Waste (Environmental protection). Retrieved from https://www.arso.gov.si/en/environmental%20protection/waste/
Aver, B., Alfirević, N., & Fošner, A. (2023). Municipal waste recycling customer education and communication in Slovenia and Croatia. Recycling, 8, 45.
Berger, N., Topolovec, T., Blejec, M., Hlebec, N., & Radilovič, H. (2023). Slovenia and the EU have a problem with uncollected waste. Retrieved from https://www.europeandatajournalism.eu/cp_data_news/slovenia-has-a-problem-with-uncollected-waste/
Chen, D. M. C., Bodirsky, B. L., Krueger, T., Mishra, A., & Popp, A. (2020). The world's growing municipal solid waste: trends and impacts. Environmental Research Letters, 15(7), 074021.
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3-21.
De Feo, G., Polito, A. R., Ferrara, C., & Zamballetti, I. (2017). Evaluating opinions, behaviours and motivations of the users of a MSW separate collection centre in the town of Baronissi, Southern Italy. Waste Management, 68, 742-751.
de Mello Soares, C. T., Ek, M., Östmark, E., Gällstedt, M., & Karlsson, S. (2022). Recycling of multi-material multilayer plastic packaging: Current trends and future scenarios. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 176, 105905.
Dintcheva, N. T., Jilov, N., & La Mantia, F. P. (1997). Recycling of plastics from packaging. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 57(2), 191-203.
ECOLEX. (2011). Waste & hazardous substances (Decree on waste). Retrieved from https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/slv130514.pdf
Engineers Ireland. (2021). Innovative recycling tackles complex plastic-based materials. Retrieved from https://www.engineersireland.ie/Engineers-Journal/More/Sustainability/ innovative-recycling-tackles-complex-plastic-based-materials
EUR-Lex (2020). Packaging and packaging waste (EU Legislation). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/1994/62/oj/eng
European Environment Agency (EEA) (2023). Early warning assessment related to the 2025 targets for municipal waste and packaging waste (European Commission). Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/many-eu-member-states/early-warning-assessment-related-to
European Environment Agency (EEA) (2024). Waste management (European Commission). Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/waste/waste-management
Eurostat. (2024). Waste statistics & Municipal waste statistics (European Commission). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Waste_statistics
Golob, D. (2019). Zero waste Slovenia (Slovenian Tourist Board). Retrieved from https://slovenia.si/business-and-innovation/zero-waste-slovenia
GOV.SI. (2020). Slovenia – the only country with a zero waste capital city, zero waste hotel and zero waste events. Retrieved from https://www.gov.si/en/news/2020-12-10-slovenia-the-only-country-with-a-zero-waste-capital-city-zero-waste-hotel-and-zero-waste-events/
GOV.SI. (2021). More efficient implementation of the packaging waste management system. Retrieved from https://www.gov.si/en/news/2021-04-08-more-efficient-implementation-of-the-packaging-waste-management-system/
GOV.SI. (2022). Reducing plastic pollution. Retrieved from https://www.gov.si/en/news/2022-10-13-reducing-plastic-pollution
GOV.SI. (2023a). Waste (Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning). Retrieved from https://www.gov.si/en/policies/environment-and-spatial-planning/environment/waste/
GOV.SI. (2023b). Waste management (Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning). Retrieved from https://www.gov.si/en/topics/waste-management/
Green Cities. (2020). Zero-waste strategy: Ljubljana, Slovenia. Retrieved from https://www.ebrdgreencities.com/policy-tool/zero-waste-strategy-ljubljana-slovenia/
Hotić, M., Kalin, K., & Žitnik, M. (2022). 858 waste treatment and disposal facilities. Retrieved from https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/En/News/Index/10390
Kalčíková, G., & Žgajnar Gotvajn, A. (2019). Plastic pollution in Slovenia: From plastic waste management to research on microplastics. In S. Friederike, R. Georg, B. Nicole, & K. Evgeniia (Eds.), Plastics in the Aquatic Environment-Part I: Current Status and Challenges (pp. 307-322). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Keramitsoglou, K. M., & Tsagarakis, K. P. (2013). Public participation in designing a recycling scheme towards maximum public acceptance. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 70, 55-67.
Kim, Y., Kang, J., & Chun, H. (2022). Is online shopping packaging waste a threat to the environment?. Economics Letters, 214, 110398.
Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Sage Publications.
Landbell, A. G. (2021). Does your company sell packaging or packaged goods in Slovenia?. Retrieved from https://landbell-group.com/news/focus-on-slovenia/
Lavtizar, V., Igor, K., Ladeja, G. K., Mojca, B. K., & Polonca, T. (2021). A transition towards the circular economy in Slovenia. In Sadhan, K. Ghosh & Sannidhya, K. Ghosh, Circular economy: Recent trends in global perspective (pp. 425-456). Singapore, Singapore: Springer Nature.
Lorenzen, L. (2021). Sustainable tourism in Slovenia – The Kočevsko Region. Retrieved from https://www.fairtourism.nl/en/sustainable-tourism-in-slovenia/
Luttenberger, L. R. (2020). Waste management challenges in transition to circular economy–case of Croatia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 120495.
Menard, M., Ceh, A., Zaucer, M., Pivec, L., Ivanovic, M., Sesok, J., . . . Hubman, M. (2016). Comparative analysis of the waste-to-energy legal regime in Slovenia. OGEL Energy Law Journal, 14(3).
MOP. (2021). Program ravnanja z odpadki in program preprečevanja odpadkov Republike Slovenije (Vlada Republike Slovenije). Retrieved from https://www.gzs.si/Portals/SN-Varstvo-Okolja/Predstavitev_PR_ODPADKI_GZS_15_%2001_2016.pdf
Mukherjee, A. G., Wanjari, U. R., Chakraborty, R., Renu, K., Vellingiri, B., George, A., . . . Gopalakrishnan, A. V. (2021). A review on modern and smart technologies for efficient waste disposal and management. Journal of Environmental Management, 297, 113347.
Nguyen, T. T. P., Zhu, D., & Le, N. P. (2015). Factors influencing waste separation intention of residential households in a developing country: Evidence from Hanoi, Vietnam. Habitat International, 48, 169-176.
Nuttall, C. (2020). Moving towards zero waste tourism in Slovenia. Retrieved from https://www.intellinews.com/moving-towards-zero-waste-tourism-in-slovenia-177789/
OECD. (2022). Global plastics outlook: Economic drivers, environmental impacts and policy options. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/en/events/2022/02/global-plastics-outlook-economic-drivers-environmental-impacts-and-policy-options.html
Okonta, F. N., & Mohlalifi, M. (2020). Assessment of factors affecting source recycling among metropolitan Johannesburg residents. Waste Management, 105, 445-449.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). New York, NY: Sage Publications.
Pavlova, I. (2020). Four Slovenian firms guilty of forming waste management cartel - competition authority. Retrieved from https://seenews.com/news/four-slovenian-firms-guilty-of-forming-waste-management-cartel-competition-authority-1161699
Pažek, K., Prišenk, J., Bukovski, S., Prevolšek, B., & Rozman, Č . (2020). Multicriteria assessment of the quality of waste sorting centers—A case study. Sustainability, 12(9), 3780.
Pličanič, S. (2020). Packaging waste management in Slovenia: Constitutionality of current legislation. Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split, 57(3).
Prebilič, V., Može, M. & Golobič, I. (2024). Waste-to-energy processes as a municipality-level waste management strategy: A case study of Kočevje, Slovenia. Processes, 12, 1010.
Raghu, S. J., & Rodrigues, L. L. (2021). A concept of solid waste management behaviour in india–a solution towards environmental sustainability. Calitatea, 22(183), 155-162.
Rangus, M., Božinovski, B., & Brumen, B. (2018). Overtourism and the green policy of Slovenian tourism. Responsible hospitality: Inclusive, active, green. Responsible Hostpitality: Inclusive, Active, Green, 225-234. doi:10.18690/978-961-286-226-8.13
RCERO (2016). Upgraded waste management facilities for central Slovenia. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/projects/slovenia/upgraded-waste-management-facilities-for-central-slovenia#:~:text=RCERO%20Ljubljana%20has%20upgraded%20waste%20management%20facilities%20serving,new%20landfill%20area%2C%20and%20building%20waste%20treatment%20facilities.
RCERO (2019). RCERO Ljubljana: efficient waste management. Retrieved from https://circulareconomy.europa.eu/platform/en/good-practices/rcero-ljubljana-efficient-waste-management#:~:text=The%20Ljubljana%20Regional%20Centre%20for%20Waste%20Management%20%28RCERO,national%20centre%20for%20environmentally-friendly%20waste%20management%20in%20Slovenia.
Schober, M. F. (2018). The future of face-to-face interviewing. Quality Assurance in Education, 26(2), 290-302.
Schyns, Z. O., & Shaver, M. P. (2021). Mechanical recycling of packaging plastics: A review. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 42(3), 2000415.
SiStat. (2024a). Waste indicators (Republic of Slovenia Statistical Office). Retrieved from https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/news/Index/13215
SiStat. (2024b). Indicators of waste management, Slovenia, annually. Retrieved from https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatData/pxweb/en/Data/-/2683902S.px
SiStat. (2024c). Amounts of generated, collected and landfilled municipal waste by municipalities (tonnes), Slovenia, annually. Retrieved from https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatData/pxweb/en/Data/Data/2706104S.px/
Sodja, S., & Mahnič-Smole, M. (2023). Plastics and packaging laws in Slovenia. Retrieved from https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/plastics-and-packaging-laws/slovenia
Stoeva, K., & Alriksson, S. (2017). Influence of recycling programmes on waste separation behaviour. Waste Management, 68, 732-741.
Take-e-way (2021). Slovenia: In future, foreign companies will also be obliged to register the quantities of packaging placed on the market (Take-e-way). Retrieved from https://www.take-e-way.com/news/packaging-registration-in-slovenia/
Vidic, T. (2020). In 2018 in Slovenia, waste was disposed of on 16 landfill sites (Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia). Retrieved from https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/News/Index/8903
Villar, A., & Fitzgerald, R. (2017). Using mixed modes in survey data research: Results from six experiments. In M. J. Breen (Ed.), Values and identities in Europe: Evidence from the European Social Survey (pp. 273-310). London, UK: Routledge.
Wever, R., Van Onselen, L., Silvester, S., & Boks, C. (2010). Influence of packaging design on littering and waste behaviour. Packaging Technology and Science, 23(5), 239-252.
Wong, M. H. (2022). Integrated sustainable waste management in densely populated cities: The case of Hong Kong. Sustainable Horizons, 2, 100014.
Xu, L., Ling, M., & Wu, Y. (2018). Economic incentive and social influence to overcome household waste separation dilemma: A field intervention study. Waste Management, 77, 522-531.
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (Vol. 5). New York, NY: Sage Publication.
Yin, Z., & Ma, J. (2022). Rational choice or altruism factor: Determinants of residents' behavior toward household waste separation in Xi'an, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 11887.
Žitnik, M., Petric, P., Kalin, K., & Hotić, M. (2021). Almost 9% less waste generated in 2020. Retrieved from https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/News/Index/9851
Zyadin, A., Natarajan, K., Kuittinen, S., Kähkönen, T., Iglinski, B., Dabrowska, M., . . . Pappinen, A. (2020). Public perceptions of MSW management in Wroclaw City, Poland. Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, 10(1), 16-29.
Zylm, W. (2023). Unfurling the intricacies of waste management scandal: A Polish insight (Bnn Network). Retrieved from https://bnn.network/politics/unfurling-the-intricacies-of-waste-management-scandal-a-polish-insight/
Objavljeno
Številka
Rubrika
Licenca
Avtorske pravice (c) 2025 Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government
To delo je licencirano pod Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Nekomercialno-Brez predelav 4.0 mednarodno licenco.
