Učinki decentralizacije na učinkovitost javnega naročanja: empirični dokazi s Češke
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/15.1.67-92(2017)Ključne besede:
javno naročanje, učinkovitost, decentralizacija, javni sektor, javno varčevanje, ČeškaPovzetek
Vpliv decentralizacije na učinkovitost proizvodnje javnih dobrin in storitev je podrobno opisan v nedavni znanstveni razpravi. V tem prispevku se osredotočamo na analizo vpliva dejavnika decentralizacije in drugih izbranih dejavnikov na učinkovitost v javnem naročanju. Izraz »učinkovitost« si razlagamo kot razmerje med ponujeno in predvideno ceno, poleg tega pa tudi kot pravilnost in zakonitost postopkov, saj se odraža v vodenju pritožb, preiskav in ugotovitev v zvezi s kršitvami zakona s strani nadzornega organa. Nadalje opisujemo faze ponudbenega in nadaljnjih postopkov. Za empirično raziskavo smo uporabili linearno regresijo in logistično regresijo. Ti metodi se uporabljata za podatke v zvezi z javnim naročanjem v obdobju 2010–2014. Rezultati kažejo, da so med naročniki na različnih ravneh decentralizacije obstajale statistično pomembne razlike, ki jih lahko pojasnimo z različnimi ravnmi odgovornosti, ekonomije obsega in usposobljenostjo naročnikovih delavcev.
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Finžgar, M. & Oplotnik, Ž. J. (2013)Comparison of fiscal decentralization systems in EU-27 according to selected criteria, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 11(3), pp. 651-672
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Jovanović, P. & Benković, S. (2012) Improvements in Organizing Public Procurement at the Local Self-Government Level in Serbia, Management, 64, pp. 25-32.
Jovanović, P., Joksimović, N. Ž. & Milosavljević, M. (2013) The Efficiency of Public Procurement Centralization: Empirical Evidence from Serbian Local Self- governments, Lex Localis – Journal of local selfgovernment, 11(4), pp. 883-899.
Jurčík, R. (2015) New Trends in the Evaluation of Public Contracts. The Lowest Tender Price or Economic Advantageousness of the Tender? In: Špalková, D. & Matějová, L. (eds.) (2015) Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference (Brno: Masaryk University), pp. 125 – 134.
Jurčík, R. (2013) Komparace ekonomických a právních aspektů slovenské a české právní úpravy veřejných zakázek a připravované změny v oblasti veřejných zakázek v Evropské unii, Ekonomický časopis/Journal of Economics, 61(10), pp. 1091 – 1093.
Klibanoff, P. & Morduch, J. (1995) Decentralization, externalities, and efficiency, Review of economic studies, 62(2), pp. 223-247, doi: 10.2307/2297803.
Lockwood, B . (2002) Distributive politics and the costs of centralization, Review of economic studies, 69(2), pp. 313-337, doi: 10.1111/1467-937X.00207.
Mascolel, A. (1980) Efficiency and decentralization in the pure theory of public-goods, Quarterly journal of economics, 94(4), pp: 625-641, doi: 10.2307/1885661.
Matějová, L., Plaček, M., Křápek,M., Půček, M. & Ochrana, F. (2014) Economies of scale – empirical evidence from the Czech Republic, Procedia Economics and Finance, 12, pp. 403–411.
Nemec, J., Šumpíková, M., Klazar, K. & Grega, M., (2014) Efficiency versus economy in public procurement, In: Löster T. & Pavelka T. (eds.) Conference Proceedings: The 8th International Days of Statistics and Economics. 1. vyd. (Praha: Melandrium), pp.1054-1063.
Nemec, J. & Grega, M. (2015) Factors Influencing Final Price of Public Procurement: evidence from Slovakia, Procedia Economics and Finance, 25, pp. 543-551, doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00768-6.
Oates, W. E. (1978) Decentralization, Bureaucracy, and Government: Discussion, American Economic Review, 68(2), pp. 262-263.
OECD (2000) Centralised and Decentralised Public Procurement. Sigma Papers, 2000, no. 29 (Paris: OECD Publishing).
OECD (2007) Central Public Procurement Structures and Capacity in Member States of the European Union. Sigma paper, 2007, no. 40 (Paris: OECD Publishing).
OECD (2011) Centralize purchasing systems in the European Union. Sigma Papers, 2011, no. 47 (Paris, OECD Publishing).
Ochrana, F. & Pavel, J. (2013) Analysis of the Impact of Transparency, Corruption, Openness in Competition and Tender Procedures on Public Procurement in the Czech Republic, Central European Journal of Public Policy, 7(2), pp. 114 – 135.
Pavel, J. & Sičáková-Beblavá, E. (2012) Postkontraktační chování veřejných zadavatelů na Slovensku, Politická ekonomie, 60(5), pp. 635 – 648.
Pavel, J. (2014) Factors Affecting the Value of Compliance Costs of Public Procurement, In: Sedmihradská, L. (ed.): Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Public Finance 2014. Proceeding of the 19th International Conference (Praha: Wolters Kluwer), pp. 222 – 227.
Pegnato, A. J. (2003) Assessing federal procurement reform: Has the procurement pendulum stopped swinging?, Journal of public procurement, 3(2), pp. 145-175.
Plaček, M., Schmidt, M., Ochrana, F. & Půček, M., (2016) Impact of decentralization on the efficiency of public procurement (the case of Czech republic), In: Špalková, D. & Matějová, L. (eds.) Proceedings of the 20th International Conference Current Trends in Public Sector Research 2016 (Brno: Masaryk University), pp.68-76.
Plaček, M., Matějová, L., Křápek, M., Půček, M. & Ochrana, F. (2014) Decentralization vs economies of scale: expenditure on maintenance of municipalities’ property, In: Sedmihradská, L. (ed.) Proceedings of the 19th International Conference: Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Public Finance 2014. 1. vyd. (Praha: Wolters Kluwer), pp. 228-236.
Prudhomme, R. (1995) The Dangers of Decentralization, World Bank Research Observer, 1995, 10(2), pp. 201-220.
Simon, H. (1997) Administrative Behavior: a Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization (New York: Macmillan Company).
Soudek, J. & Skuhrovec, J. (2013) Public Procurement of Homogeneous Goods: the Czech Republic Case Study. IES Working Paper 05/2013 (Prague: IES FSV. Charles University).
Soukopová, J., Nemec, J., Matějová, L. & Struk, M. (2014) Municipality Size and Local Public Services - Do Economies of Scale Exist?, NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 7(2), pp. 151-171, doi:10.2478/nispa-2014-0007.
Svidroňová, M. & Vaceková, G. (2012) Current state of self-financing of private non profit organizations in the conditions of the Slovak republic, Technological and economic development economy, 18(3).pp. 438-451.
Treisman, D. (2000) The causes of corruption: A cross-national study, Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), pp.399–457.
Wu, X. (2005) Corporate governance and corruption, Governance: An International Journal of Policy, 18(2), pp.151–170.
zIndex (2013) Results (Prague: EconLab z.s), available at: http://www.zindex.cz/ (December 23, 2016).
Spagnolo, C, Albano, G. L. & Bianchi, M.,(2007) Bid average methods in procurement. in Rivista di Politica Economica, No. I - II 2006, In: Piga, G. & Thai, K. V. (eds.) The Economics of Public Procurement (London, Palgrave-Mcmillan), pp. 41-64.
Ames, B., (1994) The reverse coattails effect: Local party organization in the 1989 Brazilian presidential election, American Political Science Review, 88(1), pp.95-111.
Baldwin, R. & Wyplosz, Ch. (2004) The Economics of European Integration (Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill).
Bakoš, E, Soukopová, J. & Selešovský, J. (2015) The Historical Roots of Local Self-Government in Czech and Slovak Republics, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 13(1), pp. 1-19.
Bardhan, P. & Mookherjee, D. (2006) Decentralisation and accountability in infrastructure delivery in developing countries, Economic journal, 116(508), pp. 101-127, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01049.x.
Barenstein, M. & de Mello, L. (2001) Fiscal decentralization and governance: A cross-country analysis. IMF Working Papers 01/71 (Washington D.C.: International Monetary Fund).
Brezovnik, B., Oplotnik, Ž. J. & Vojinovič, B., (2015) (De)centralization of public procurement at the local level in the EU, Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 2015(46E), pp. 37-52.
Czech Statistical Office (2013) The size structure of municipalities in the Czech Republic and their population size until 31 December 2011 (Prague: Czech Statistical Office).
Czech Statistical Office (2014) Basic information about the regions in the Czech Republic (Prague: Czech Statistical Office).
Dametri, R. P. (2012) Centralization vs Decentralization of Purchasing in the Public Sector: The Role of e- Procurement in the Italian Case, In: Khachidze, V. (ed.) iCETS 2012 (Heidelberg: Springer), pp. 457-470.
De Mello, L. R. (2000) Fiscal decentralization and intergovernmental fiscal relations: A cross-country analysis, World development, 28(2), pp. 365-380, doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00123-0.
Enikolopov, R. & Zhuravskaya, E. (2007) Decentralization and political institutions, Journal of Public Economics, 91(11-12), pp. 2261-2290.
EC (2014) Public Procurement Indicators 2012 (Brussels: European Commission).
Eurostat (2015) Government finance statistics (Luxembourg: Eurostat).
Finžgar, M. & Oplotnik, Ž. J. (2013)Comparison of fiscal decentralization systems in EU-27 according to selected criteria, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 11(3), pp. 651-672
Fisman, R. & Gatti, R. (2002) Decentralization and corruption: evidence across countries, Journal of Public Economics, 83, pp. 325–345.
Freille, S. (2009) Federalism, decentralization and corruption (Munich: MPRA).
Freille, S., Hague, E. M. & Kneller, A. R., (2007) Federalism, Decentralization and Corruption. MPRA Paper, No. 27535 (Munich: MPRA).
Geys, B., Heinemann, F. & Kalb, A . (2010) Voter involvement, fiscal autonomy and public sector efficiency: Evidence from German municipalities, European journal of political economy, 26(2), pp. 265-278, doi: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2009.11.002.
Goldsmith, A. A. (1999) Slapping the grasping hand: Correlates of political corruption in emerging markets, American Journal of Economics and Sociology,58(3).pp.866–883.
Halaskova, M., (2015) Procuring Public Services and the Role of Territorial Self-Governments, In: Klimova, V. & Zitek, V. (ed) (2015) Proceedings of the 18th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences (Brno: Masaryk University), pp. 367-374.
Horňáková, M. & Špaček, D. (2013) Financial Management in Practice of Czech Regions – Background Points, Experiences and Issues, In: Špalková, D. & Matějová, L. (eds) (2013) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference Current Trends in Public Sector Research (Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Economics and Administration), pp. 237 – 245.
Jaško, O., Jovanović, P. & Čudanov, M. (2015) Cost efficiency in public procurement at local level: chances for improvement of local self – government and public enterprise in Serbia, Lex Localis- Journal of local selfgovernment, 13(3), pp. 789-807.
Jovanović, P. & Benković, S. (2012) Improvements in Organizing Public Procurement at the Local Self-Government Level in Serbia, Management, 64, pp. 25-32.
Jovanović, P., Joksimović, N. Ž. & Milosavljević, M. (2013) The Efficiency of Public Procurement Centralization: Empirical Evidence from Serbian Local Self- governments, Lex Localis – Journal of local selfgovernment, 11(4), pp. 883-899.
Jurčík, R. (2015) New Trends in the Evaluation of Public Contracts. The Lowest Tender Price or Economic Advantageousness of the Tender? In: Špalková, D. & Matějová, L. (eds.) (2015) Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference (Brno: Masaryk University), pp. 125 – 134.
Jurčík, R. (2013) Komparace ekonomických a právních aspektů slovenské a české právní úpravy veřejných zakázek a připravované změny v oblasti veřejných zakázek v Evropské unii, Ekonomický časopis/Journal of Economics, 61(10), pp. 1091 – 1093.
Klibanoff, P. & Morduch, J. (1995) Decentralization, externalities, and efficiency, Review of economic studies, 62(2), pp. 223-247, doi: 10.2307/2297803.
Lockwood, B . (2002) Distributive politics and the costs of centralization, Review of economic studies, 69(2), pp. 313-337, doi: 10.1111/1467-937X.00207.
Mascolel, A. (1980) Efficiency and decentralization in the pure theory of public-goods, Quarterly journal of economics, 94(4), pp: 625-641, doi: 10.2307/1885661.
Matějová, L., Plaček, M., Křápek,M., Půček, M. & Ochrana, F. (2014) Economies of scale – empirical evidence from the Czech Republic, Procedia Economics and Finance, 12, pp. 403–411.
Nemec, J., Šumpíková, M., Klazar, K. & Grega, M., (2014) Efficiency versus economy in public procurement, In: Löster T. & Pavelka T. (eds.) Conference Proceedings: The 8th International Days of Statistics and Economics. 1. vyd. (Praha: Melandrium), pp.1054-1063.
Nemec, J. & Grega, M. (2015) Factors Influencing Final Price of Public Procurement: evidence from Slovakia, Procedia Economics and Finance, 25, pp. 543-551, doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00768-6.
Oates, W. E. (1978) Decentralization, Bureaucracy, and Government: Discussion, American Economic Review, 68(2), pp. 262-263.
OECD (2000) Centralised and Decentralised Public Procurement. Sigma Papers, 2000, no. 29 (Paris: OECD Publishing).
OECD (2007) Central Public Procurement Structures and Capacity in Member States of the European Union. Sigma paper, 2007, no. 40 (Paris: OECD Publishing).
OECD (2011) Centralize purchasing systems in the European Union. Sigma Papers, 2011, no. 47 (Paris, OECD Publishing).
Ochrana, F. & Pavel, J. (2013) Analysis of the Impact of Transparency, Corruption, Openness in Competition and Tender Procedures on Public Procurement in the Czech Republic, Central European Journal of Public Policy, 7(2), pp. 114 – 135.
Pavel, J. & Sičáková-Beblavá, E. (2012) Postkontraktační chování veřejných zadavatelů na Slovensku, Politická ekonomie, 60(5), pp. 635 – 648.
Pavel, J. (2014) Factors Affecting the Value of Compliance Costs of Public Procurement, In: Sedmihradská, L. (ed.): Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Public Finance 2014. Proceeding of the 19th International Conference (Praha: Wolters Kluwer), pp. 222 – 227.
Pegnato, A. J. (2003) Assessing federal procurement reform: Has the procurement pendulum stopped swinging?, Journal of public procurement, 3(2), pp. 145-175.
Plaček, M., Schmidt, M., Ochrana, F. & Půček, M., (2016) Impact of decentralization on the efficiency of public procurement (the case of Czech republic), In: Špalková, D. & Matějová, L. (eds.) Proceedings of the 20th International Conference Current Trends in Public Sector Research 2016 (Brno: Masaryk University), pp.68-76.
Plaček, M., Matějová, L., Křápek, M., Půček, M. & Ochrana, F. (2014) Decentralization vs economies of scale: expenditure on maintenance of municipalities’ property, In: Sedmihradská, L. (ed.) Proceedings of the 19th International Conference: Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Public Finance 2014. 1. vyd. (Praha: Wolters Kluwer), pp. 228-236.
Prudhomme, R. (1995) The Dangers of Decentralization, World Bank Research Observer, 1995, 10(2), pp. 201-220.
Simon, H. (1997) Administrative Behavior: a Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization (New York: Macmillan Company).
Soudek, J. & Skuhrovec, J. (2013) Public Procurement of Homogeneous Goods: the Czech Republic Case Study. IES Working Paper 05/2013 (Prague: IES FSV. Charles University).
Soukopová, J., Nemec, J., Matějová, L. & Struk, M. (2014) Municipality Size and Local Public Services - Do Economies of Scale Exist?, NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 7(2), pp. 151-171, doi:10.2478/nispa-2014-0007.
Svidroňová, M. & Vaceková, G. (2012) Current state of self-financing of private non profit organizations in the conditions of the Slovak republic, Technological and economic development economy, 18(3).pp. 438-451.
Treisman, D. (2000) The causes of corruption: A cross-national study, Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), pp.399–457.
Wu, X. (2005) Corporate governance and corruption, Governance: An International Journal of Policy, 18(2), pp.151–170.
zIndex (2013) Results (Prague: EconLab z.s), available at: http://www.zindex.cz/ (December 23, 2016).
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