Lokalno vodenje in lokalna samouprava: izogibanje prepadu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/15.1.1-18(2017)Ključne besede:
lokalno vodenje, lokalna raven upravljanja, varčevanje, institucije, lokalna politikaPovzetek
V Evropi se je pojavila vrsta trendov, ki so spodbudili spremembe v lokalnih ravneh upravljanja, lokalni demokraciji in lokalnem vodenju zlasti tam, kjer so se morali lokalne ravni upravljanja in lokalni voditelji odzvati na krizo, gospodarsko recesijo in pritiske javnosti v času omejevanja in upada javnih storitev. V posebnem izvodu revije Lex Localis (14:4, 2016) so bili ti dejavniki raziskani v različnih državah, kot so Islandija, Nemčija, Grčija, Italija, Španija, Češka in Slovaška ter Poljska, s čimer smo dobili dragocen vpogled v nemirno obdobje, v katerem se je znašla lokalna samouprava. Taisti izvod revije Lex Localis je bil pripravljen na osnovi dveh povezanih virov, in sicer na delavnici skupnih sej ECPR v Varšavi o lokalnem političnem vodenju v obdobju varčevanja in na razpravah, pripravljenih za delovno skupino demokratične prenove LocRef Cost Action. V tem prispevku je predstavljen pregled in retrospektiven uvod v posebni izvod revije Lex Localis. Ob sočasnem črpanju iz drugih virov pa omogoča tudi proučevanje obsežnih trendov, ki oblikujejo razvoj lokalnih ravni upravljanja, in podaja komentar o dejavnikih, ki spodbujajo ali pa zavirajo uspeh lokalnega vodenja, lokalnih ravni upravljanja in lokalne demokracije v zahtevnih časih.
Literatura
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Back, H. (2003) Party Politics and the Common Good in Swedish Local Government. Scandinavian Political Studies, 26(2), pp. 93-123.
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Bel, G., Hebdon, R. & Warner, M. (2007) Local Government Reform: Privatisation and its Alternatives, Local Government Studies, 33(4), pp. 507-515.
Benson, D. & Jordan, A. (2011) What have we learned from policy transfer research?, Political Studies Review, 9(3), pp. 366-378.
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Hacek, M., Kukovic, S. & Bukovnik, A. (2016) The Issue of Local Autonomy in the Slovenian Local Government System, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 14(3), pp. 303-320.
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Kmezic, S., Dulic, K., Jocovic, M. & Kaluderovic, J. (2016) Fiscal Decentralisation and Local Government Financing in Serbia and Montenegro (Maribor: Institute for Local self-Government and Public Procurement Maribor).
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Parker, R. (2007) Networked governance or just networks? Local governance of the knowledge economy in Limerick (Ireland) and Karlskrona (Sweden), Political Studies, 55(1), pp. 113-132.
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Back, H., (2005) The Institutional Setting of Local Political Leadership and Community Involvement, In: Haus, M., Heinelt, H., Stewart, M (eds) Urban Governance and Democracy: Leadership and Community Involvement (Oxford: Routledge), pp.65-99.
Back, H. (2003) Party Politics and the Common Good in Swedish Local Government. Scandinavian Political Studies, 26(2), pp. 93-123.
Bajo A., Klemencic, I. & Primorac, M. (2016) Asyemtric Decentralisation in Some European Union Member States, Croatian and Comparative Public Administration, 16(1), pp. 31-54.
Baldersheim, H., & Daloz, J. (2003) Political Leadership in a Global Age: The Experience of France and Norway (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing).
Bel, G., Hebdon, R. & Warner, M. (2007) Local Government Reform: Privatisation and its Alternatives, Local Government Studies, 33(4), pp. 507-515.
Benson, D. & Jordan, A. (2011) What have we learned from policy transfer research?, Political Studies Review, 9(3), pp. 366-378.
Berg, R. & Rao, N. (eds) (2005) Transforming Local Political Leadership (New York: Palgrave).
Blom-Hansen J., & Heeager, A. (2011) Denmark: Between Local democracy and Implementing Agency of the Welfare State, In: Loughlin, J., Hendriks, F. & Lidstrom, A. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Local and Regional Democracy in Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 222-240.
Borraz, O. & P. John (2004) The Transformation of Urban Political Leadership in Western Europe, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28(1), pp: 107-120.
Bouckaert, G. & Kuhlmann, S. (2016) Tensions, Challenges and Future ‘Flags’ of Local Public Sector Reforms in Comparative Research, In: Kuhlmann, S. & Bouckaert, G. (eds) (2016) in Local Public Sector Reforms in Times of Crisis: National Trajectories and International Comparisons (London: Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 347-353.
Copus, C., (2006) Leading the Localities: Executive Mayors in English Local Governance (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
Copus, C. (2004) Party Politics and Local Government (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
Copus, C., Roberts, M. & Wall, R. (forthcoming 2017) Local Government in England: Centralisation, Autonomy and Control (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
Dahl, R.A. (1961) Who Governs? (New Haven Yale University Press).
Davies, S. (2011) Regional Resilience in the 2008–2010 Downturn: Comparative Evidence from European Countries, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 4(3), pp. 369-382.
De Ceuninck., K & Reynaert, H. (2016) Central-Local Relations in Flanders: Structural Reforms, Scale and Decentralisation, Croatian and Comparative Public Administration, 16(1), pp. 5-29.
Denters, B. & Rose, L. (2005) Comparing Local Governance: Trends and Developments (London: Palgrave MacMillan).
Dollery, B., Crase, L. & Byrnes, J (2006) Local government failure: Why does Australian local government experience permanent financial austerity?, Australian Journal of Political Science, 41(3), pp. 339 – 353.
Dolowitz, P. & Marsh, D. (1996) Who Learns What from Whom: A Review of the Policy Transfer Literature, Political Studies, 46(2), pp 343-357.
Dolowitz, P. & Marsh, D. (2000) Learning from abroad: the role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making, International Journal of Policy and Administration, 13 (1), pp. 5-24.
Egner, B., Sweeting, D. & Klok, P. (eds.) (2003) Local Councillors in Europe (Wiesbaden: Springer).
Evans, M. (2009) Policy transfer in critical perspective, Policy Studies, 30(3), pp. 243-268.
Gendzwill, A. & Swianiewicz, P. (2016) Does Local Democracy Perform Better in Smaller Jurisdictions? Survey Evidence from Poland, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 14(4), pp. 759-782.
Goldsmith, M. & Larsen, H. (2004) Local Political Leadership: Nordic Style, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28(1), pp. 121-133.
Goldsmith, M. & Page, E. (eds.) (2010) Changing Government Relations in Europe: from Localism to Intergovernmentalism (London: Routledge / ECPR).
Gomez, E. (2003) Decentralisation and Municipal Governance: Suggested Approaches for Cross-Regional Analysis, Studies in Comparative International Development, 38(3), pp. 57-80.
Goss, S. (2001) Making Local Governance Work: Networks, Relationships and the Management of Change (Basingstoke: Palgrave).
Grad, F. & Kaucic, I. (2015) The Constitutional basis of Local Democracy, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 13(3), pp. 809-825.
Groot, S., Mohlmann, J., Garretsen, J. & de Groot, H. (2011) The Crisis Sensitivity of European Countries and Regions: Stylised Facts and Spatial Heterogeneity, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 4(3), pp. 437-456.
Guerin, E. & Kerrouche, E. (2008) From Amateurs to Professionals: The changing face of Local elected representatives, Local Government Studies, 34(2), pp. 179-201.
Hacek, M., Kukovic, S. & Bukovnik, A. (2016) The Issue of Local Autonomy in the Slovenian Local Government System, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 14(3), pp. 303-320.
Haus, M. & Sweeting, D. (2006) Mayors, Citizens and Local Democracy, In: Back, H., Heinelt, H. & Magnier, A. (eds) The European Mayor: Political Leaders in the Changing Context of Local Democracy (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag for Sozialwissenschaften).
Haus, M., Heinelt, H. & Stewart, M. (eds) (2005) Urban Governance and Democracy: Leadership and Community Involvement (Oxford: Routledge).
Hesse, J. J & Sharpe, L .J. (1991) Local Government in International Perspective: Some Comparative Observations, In: Hesse, J. J. (ed.) Local Government and Urban Affairs in International Perspective (Baden-Baden: Nomos), pp. 603-621.
Hoffman I., & Rozsnyai, K. (2015) The Supervision of Self-Government Bodies Regulations in Hungry, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 13(3), pp. 485-502.
Hueglin. T. & Fenna, A. (2006) Comparative Federalism (Quebec: Boardview Press).
Hlynsdottir, E (2016) Leading the Locality: Icelandic Local Government Leadership Dilemma, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 14(4), pp. 807-826.
Iglesias, A., & Barbeito, R. (2016) Does e-participation Influence and Improve Political Decision Making Processes? Evidence From a Local Government, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 14(4), pp. 873-891.
John, P. (1999) Ideas and interests; agendas and implementation: an evolutionary explanation of policy change in British local government finance, The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 1(1), pp. 39-62.
Kersting, N. & Vetter, A. (2003a) Reforming local government in Europe. Between Democracy and Efficiency (Opladen: Leske+Budrich).
Kersting, N. & Vetter, A. (2003b) Reforming local government. Heading for Efficiency and Democracy, Urban and Research International, 4, pp. 333-349.
Kitson, M., Martin, R. & Tyler, P. (2011) The Geographies of Austerity, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 4(3), pp. 289-302.
Kjear, U (2014) Local Political Leadership: The Art of Circulating Political Capital, Local Government Studies, 39(2), pp. 253-272.
Kmezic, S., Dulic, K., Jocovic, M. & Kaluderovic, J. (2016) Fiscal Decentralisation and Local Government Financing in Serbia and Montenegro (Maribor: Institute for Local self-Government and Public Procurement Maribor).
Kooiman, J. (2003) Governing as Governance (London: Sage).
Kotter, J. P., Lawrence, P. (1974) Mayors in Action: Five Approaches to Urban Governance (London, John Wiley).
Kuhlmann, S. & Bouckaert, G. (eds.) (2016) Local Public Sector Reforms in Times of Crisis: National Trajectories and International Comparisons (London: Macmillan).
Leach, S. (2006) The Changing Role of Local Politics in Britain (Bristol: The Policy Press).
Lowndes., V. & Leach, S. (2004) Understanding local political leadership: constitutions contexts and capabilities’, Local Government Studies, 30(4), pp. 557-575.
Lowndes, V. & Pratchett, L. (2012) Local Governance under the Coalition Government: Austerity, Localism and the ‘Big Society’, Local Government Studies, 38(1), pp. 1-20.
Lysek, J. (2016) Tackling Bureaucracy Growth in Time of Crisis: The Case of Czech Statutory Cities, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government,, 14(4), pp. 783-806.
Marsh, D. & Sharman, J. C. (2009) Policy diffusion and policy transfer. Policy Studies, 30(3), pp.269-288.
Maskarinec, P. & Klimovsky, D. (2016) Independent Candidates in the Local Elections of 2014 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: Analysis of Determinants of Their Successfulness, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 14(4), pp. 853-871.
Mouritzen. P. & Svara, J. (2002) Leadership at the Apex: Politicians and Administrators in Western Local Governments (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press).
Page, E. C. & Goldsmith, M. (eds) 1987: Central and Local Government Relations. A Comparative Analysis of West European Unitary States (London: Sage).
Parker, R. (2007) Networked governance or just networks? Local governance of the knowledge economy in Limerick (Ireland) and Karlskrona (Sweden), Political Studies, 55(1), pp. 113-132.
Peters, B. G. (1997) Policy transfers between governments: the case of administrative reforms, West European Politics, 20(4), pp. 71-88.
Pierre, J. & Moore, C. (1988) Partnership or Privatisation? The Political Economy of Local Economic Restructuring, Policy and Poltics, 16(3), pp. 169-178.
Pollitt, C. & Bouckaert, G. (2011) Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis - New Public Management, Governance, and the Neo-Weberian State (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Pugalis, L. (2016) Austere State Strategies: Regenerating for Recovery and the Resignification of Regeneration, Local Government Studies, 42(1), pp. 52-74.
Ravazzi, S. (2016) Philanthropic Foundations and Local Policy Making in the Austerity Era: Does Urban Governance Matter?, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 14(4), pp. 917-935.
Sorensen, E. & Torfing, J. (2014) Assessing the democratic anchorage of governance networks, In: Griggs, S., Norval, A. & Wagenaar, H. (eds.) (2014) Practices of freedom. Decentred governance, conflict and democratic participation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 108-136.
Sorensen, E. & Torfing, J. (eds.) (2007) Theories of Democratic Network Governance (London: Palgrave).
Steyvers, K. (2014) A knight in white satin armour? New institutionalism and mayoral leadership in the era of governance, European Urban and Regional Studies, 23(3), 2016, pp. 289-305.
Steyvers, K., Bergström, T., Bäck, H., Boogers, M., De La Fuente, J. & Schaap, L. (2008) From princeps to president?: comparing local political leadership transformation, Local Government Studies, 34(2), pp. 131-146.
Stoker, G. (2011) Was Local Governance Such a Good idea? A Global Comparative Perspective, Public Administration, 89(1), pp. 15-31.
Stoker, G. (2004) Transforming Local Governance: From Thatcherism to New Labour (London: Palgrave).
Stolzenberg, P. & Getimis, P. (2016) Fiscal Consolidation in German and Greek Municipalities: The Interplay of Leadership and Legitimacy, Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 14(4), pp. 893-916.
Stone, C. (1995) Political Leadership in Urban Politics, In: Judge, D., Stoker, G. & Wolman, H. (eds) Theories of Urban Politics (London: Sage), pp. 96-116.
Stone, D. (2012) Transfer and translation of policy, Policy Studies, 33(6), pp. 483-499.
Svara, J. (1990) Official leadership in the city: patterns of conflict and cooperation (New York: Oxford University Press).
Svara, J. (1987) Mayoral Leadership in Council Manager Cities: Preconditions versus Preconceptions, Journal of Politics, 49(1), pp. 207– 227.
Swianiewicz, P. (2013) An Empirical Typology of Local Government Systems in Eastern Europe, Local Government Studies, 40(2), pp. 292-311.
Swianiewicz, P. (ed) (2010) Territorial Consolidation Reforms in Europe (Budapest: Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative, Open Society Institute-Budapest).
Szmigiel-Rawska, K. (2016) Sustainability of Cross-border Cooperation: PHARE CBC Partnership Development Paths, European Urban and Regional Studies, 23(3), pp. 513-526.
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