Ustavne in pravne dileme za ustanovitev združenja kosovskih občin s srbsko večino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/18.3.603-624(2020)Ključne besede:
Združenje občin s srbsko večino, ustavno sodišče, sodba o združenju, sporazum iz leta 2013, sporazum iz leta 2015, lokalna uprava, Republika Kosovo, kosovska ustavaPovzetek
Prispevek obravnava proces ter ustavne in pravne dileme pri oblikovanju Združenja večinskih srbskih občin na Kosovu. Združenje, katerega namen je ustanovitev in se je pojavilo kot zahteva kosovskih Srbov, je vladi povzročilo veliko težav pri njegovi ustanovitvi. Ta članek predstavlja te težave in kako so se začele. Na začetku je razvidno, da je Kosovo leta 2013 prevzelo mednarodno in ustavno obveznost ustanovitve tega združenja. Od takrat je minilo že veliko časa in društvo še danes ni ustanovljeno. Iz prispevka je razvidno, da je bila ta pasivnost dodatno utrjena z odločbo Ustavnega sodišča, ki je, namesto da bi pojasnilo način oblikovanja in kompetence, uporabilo čuden in dvomljiv jezik. V tem prispevku pa je jasno prikazano, da je ustanovitev združenja mednarodna obveznost, ki jo mora Kosovo izpolniti. Poleg tega je treba opozoriti, da obstaja tveganje, da bo zaradi zamude s strani kosovske strani prišlo do drugačne oblike, kot je bila predvidena v letu 2015. V prispevku je poudarjena tudi pomanjkljivost te entitete, ki je povezana z dejstvom, da pri pripravi pravnih besedil o njeni ustanovitvi sploh niso bili vključeni lokalni Srbi, katerim naj bi bilo združenje namenjeno.
Literatura
Ahtisaari, M. (2007) Comprehensive Proposal for the Final Status Settlement of Kosovo (Ahtisaari Plan), available at: http://old.kuvendikosoves.org/common/docs/Propozim%20per%20Statusin%20e%20Kosoves.pdf (January 4, 2019).
Association of Serbian Municipalities (2019) May Return to Talks, article published on Gezetwn Metro, 26.05.2019, available at: https://www.gazetametro.net/association-of -the -Serb community-can -come back-to-the-meeting table (March 15, 2020).
Association of Serbian Municipalities (2017) Understanding the Conflicting Views of Albanians and Serbs, Balkans Policy Research Group, available at: https://www.academia.edu/37471075/The_Association_of_Serb_Municipalities_Understanding_conflicting_views_of_Albanians_and_Serbs (Marc 14, 2020).
Beha, A. (2011) Decentralization in Kosovo: A Challenge to Deal With?, Journal of Peace, Conflict and Development, 17, pp. 23-42.
Barlovac, B. (2013) Kosovo and Serbia Reach Historic Deal in Brussels, April 19, 2013, https://balkaninsight.com/2013/04/19/kosovo-and-serbia-may-seal-eu-deal/ (March 1, 2020).
Council of Europe (1985) European Charter of Local Self-Government Strasbourg, availableat: https://rm.coe.int/168007a088 (March 15,2020).
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo, JUDGMENT in Case no. K0130 / 15 Applicant, President of the Republic of Kosovo, Concerning the assessment of the compatibility of the principles contained in the document entitled "Association / Community of Serb Majority Municipalities in Kosovo - General Principles / Key Elements" with the Constitution, Article 3 [Equality before the Law], paragraph 1, with Chapter II [Fundamental Rights and Freedoms] and Chapter III [Rights of Communities and their Members] of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, available at: https://gjk-ks.org/ wp-content / uploads / decisions / gjk_ko_130_15_ang.pdf (March 14, 2020).
Constitutional Court of Kosovo (2014) Conclusion (conclusion) dated 10.12.2014, rejecting the proposal for constitutional review of the first agreement of principles on the normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia, 19 April 2013. Conclusion - Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No.13 / 2015. Available http://www.ustavni.sud.rs/page/predmet/sr-Cyrl-CS/11165/?NOLAYOUT=1, accessed 26.03.2020.
First Agreement on the Normalization of Relations between Kosovo and Serbia, 19 April 2013, https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=8892, accessed 28.05.2020.
Gashi Z. (2015) The battle for the competences of the Association or Serbian Community, Radio Free Europe, 07.07.2015, available at: https://www.evropaelire.org/a/27114685.html (January 4, 2019).
Hasani, E, (2018) The Role of the Constitutional Court in the Development of the Rule of Law in Kosovo, Review of Centra and East European Law, 43(3), pp. 274-313.
Hasani, E. (2016) The Case of the Serbian Association in the Constitutional Court of Kosovo, LAW Magazine, 1(14), pp.14-16.
Istrefi, R. (2017) International Security Presence in Kosovo and its Human Rights Implications, Croatian International Relations Review – CIRR, 23(80), pp. 131-154.
Kosovo Democratic Institute (KDI) (2018) Kosovo-Serbia Dialogue, Challenges and the Way Forward, available at: http://kdi-kosova.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/18-Sfidat-ENG-04.pdf (May 28, 2020).
Klan Kosova (2015) Opposition Together Against the Association, Klan Kosova, News, 19.08.2015, available at: https://klankosova.tv/opozita- together-against-association/, March 15, 2020).
Morina, V. (2010) The newly established constitutional court in post-status Kosovo: Selected institutional and procedural concerns, Review of Central and Eastern European Law, 35(2), pp. 129-158.
Morina, V., Korenica, F. & Doli, D. (2011) The Relationship Between International Law and National Law in the Case of Kosovo: A Constitutional Perspective” Oxford University Press and New York University School of Law, Vol. 9 No. 1, 274–296, doi: 10.1093 / icon / mor020, pp.275.
Pugliese, M. (2016) The uncertain future of the Association of Serb Majority Municipalities in Kosovo (2016), Nationalia, 08.03.2016, available at: https://www.nationalia.info/new/10733/the-uncertain-future-of-the-association-of-serb-majority-municipalities-in-kosovo (March 15, 2020).
Qerimi, Q. (2017) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 64/298 Request for an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on whether the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo is in accordance with international law, Oxford International Organizations, 04 May 2017, available at: https://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law-oxio/e207.013.1/law-oxio-e207?rskey=ZMR4PN&result=1&prd=OPIL (April 5, 2020).
Second Agreement, Association / Community of Serb Majority Municipalities in Kosovo - General Principles / Key Elements 25 August 2019, http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/statements-eeas/docs/150825_02_association-community-of-serb-majority-municipalities-in-kosovo-general-principles-main-elements_en.pdf, accessed 28.05.2020.
Smolar, P. (2013) Serbia and Kosovo sign historic agreement, The Guardian, 30.04.2013, available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/30/serbia-kosovo-historic-agreement-brussels (December 17, 2019).
Shehu, B. (2015) Association of Serb Municipalities Sparks Political Debate in Kosovë DW, 09.09.2015, available at: https://www.dw.com/sq/asociation-of serb municipalities sparks political debate n%C3%AB-kosov%C3%AB/a-18703531 (January 4, 2019).
UN Security Council (1999) Resolution 1244 adopted by the Security Council, UN/S/RES/1244 (1999), 10 June 1999, available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/274488?ln=en (May 28, 2020).
UN General Assembly (2010) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, [without reference to a Main Committee (A / 64 / L.65 / Rev.1)] 64/298. Request for an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on whether Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence is in accordance with international law, 9 September 2010, https://unmik.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/old_dnn/GA64298.pdf (May 28, 2020).
Telegraph (2013) Serbia in Lobbying Campaign for Association with Executive Power!, Telegraph, 07.03.2013, available at: https://telegrafi.com/serbia-ne-fushate-lobby-per-association-me-government-executives/ (December 16, 2019).
The Cube (2020) Kosovo and Serbia sign deal on rail links in huge diplomatic step, 14.02.2020, available at: https://www.euronews.com/2020/02/14/kosovo-and-serbia-sign-deal -on-rail-and-road-links-in-huge-diplomatic-step (March 22, 2020).
Weller, M. (2011) Contested Citizenship (Prishtina: Koha Publishing House).
