Sposobnost zadolževanja lokalne samouprave: zakonodajni pristop v primerjavi s tržnim pristopom v Sloveniji, na Hrvaškem in v Srbiji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/18.1.185-209(2020)Ključne besede:
lokalna samouprava, sposobnost zadolževanja, zakonodajni pristop, tržni pristopPovzetek
V tem prispevku smo razvili nov konceptualni model za ocenjevanje sposobnosti zadolževanja lokalne samouprave, ki združuje zakonodajni in tržni pristop. Model je široko uporaben in primeren za več deležnikov: za lokalne samouprave pri ugotavljanju svojega potenciala za financiranje razvoja, za centralne vlade pri vzpostavljanju ravnovesja med potrebami po lokalnem razvoju in cilji za makroekonomsko stabilnost ter za finančne ustanove in nosilce projektov pri prilagajanju svojih produktov priložnostim za lokalno financiranje in naložbe. Model smo uporabili na izbranih enotah lokalne samouprave v Sloveniji, na Hrvaškem in v Srbiji ter preverili hipotezo, da se njihova relativna sposobnost zadolževanja (na prebivalca) razlikuje. Ugotovili smo, da je zakonodajna sposobnost zadolževanja v Sloveniji bolj omejena, medtem ko tržne omejitve omejujejo sposobnost zadolževanja na Hrvaškem in v Srbiji. Na splošno imajo enote lokalne samouprave v Sloveniji najvišjo relativno tržno sposobnost zadolževanja (na prebivalca), sledijo pa jim enote lokalne samouprave na Hrvaškem in v Srbiji. Prav tako smo dokazali, da lahko tržna pričakovanja prepovedujejo zadolževanje nekaterih enot. Naši rezultati dodatno nakazujejo na precejšnjo neizkoriščeno sposobnost lokalnega zadolževanja pri analiziranih enotah lokalne samouprave.
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