Taksi zadruge kot alternativa Uberju
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/18.3.449-467(2020)Ključne besede:
ekonomija delitve, ekonomija, spletne platforme, Uber, kooperativizem, taksiPovzetek
Napredek tehnologije in digitalizacije je omogočil razvoj spletnih platform, ki so temelj nastajajoče ekonomije delitve. Kritiki ekonomije delitve trdijo, da te spletne platforme ne služijo interesom svojih uporabnikov, temveč predvsem interesom njihovih lastnikov in vlagateljev. Zato predlagajo spodbujanje razvoja alternative trenutno prevladujočemu poslovnemu modelu v ekonomiji delitve v obliki sodelovanja na spletnih platformah. Globalna korporacija Uber in lokalne taksi zadruge so predstavljeni kot vzorčni primeri. Da bi služil interesom svojih vlagateljev in lastnikov, Uber spreminja obstoječo taksi industrijo, se zateka k tehnikam davčne optimizacije in se izogiba veljavnim predpisom, medtem ko lokalne taksi zadruge delujejo v interesu svojih članov in v skladu z načeli sodelovanja ter predstavljajo dobro delujočo alternativo Uberju.
Literatura
Ackerman, S. (2015) How to Socialize Uber, available at: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/04/uber-exploitation-worker-cooperative-socialize/ (May 11, 2019).
Asher-Schapiro, A. (2014) Against Sharing, available at: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/09/against-sharing/ (May 11, 2019).
Austintexas.gov (2016) Austin Transportation Department to begin accepting Taxi Franchise applications, available at: http://austintexas.gov/taxicoop (May 11, 2019).
Barinka, A. & Newcomer, E. (2019) Uber Valued at $120 Billion in an IPO? Maybe, available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-16/uber-valued-at-120-billion-in-an-ipo-maybe, (May 11, 2019).
Cassano, J. (2015) Taxis Unite: Denver Taxi Drivers Are Forming Their Own Cooperatives, available at: https://www.fastcompany.com/3041808/taxis-unite-denver-taxi-drivers-are-forming-their-own-cooperatives (May 11, 2019).
Doherty, V. (2016) Texan taxi drivers are showing there’s a co-operative alternative to the Uber economy, available at: https://party.coop/2016/11/14/cab-drivers-in-texas-are-showing-theres-a-co-operative-alternative-to-the-uber-economy/ (May 11, 2019).
European Commission (2016) A European agenda for the collaborative economy, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/16881/attachments/2/translations/
en/renditions/native (May 11, 2019).
Gansky, L. (2014) Collaborative Economy Companies Need to Start Sharing More Value with The People Who Make Them Valuable, available at: https://www.fastcompany.com/3038476/collaborative-economy-companies-need-to-start-sharing-more-value-with-the-people-who-make-th (May 11, 2019).
Goodwin, T. (2005) The Battle Is for The Customer Interface, available at: https://techcrunch.com/2015/03/03/in-the-age-of-disintermediation-the-battle-is-all-for-the-customer-interface/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer_us=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_cs=41L5OQibjUSEhUo0uLCiBA, (May 11, 2019).
Green Taxi Cooperative (2017) About Green Taxi Cooperative, available at: http://greentaxico-op.com/index.cfm?zone=/unionactive/view_article.cfm&HomeID=486227 (May 11, 2019).
Hall, J. V., Krueger A.B. (2015) An Analysis of the Labor Market for Uber’s Driver-Partners in the United States, available at: https://irs.princeton.edu/sites/irs/files/An%20Analysis%20of%20the%20Labor%20Market%20for%20Uber%E2%80%99s%20Driver-Partners%20in%20the%20United%20States%20587.pdf (May 11, 2019).
Hansen, M. (2015) What If Uber Were a Unionized, Worker-Owned Co-Op? These Denver Cabbies Are Making It Happen, available at: http://www.yesmagazine.org/new-economy/uber-unionized-worker-owned-co-op-denver-cabbies (May 11, 2019).
Hartmans, A. & McAlone, N. (2016) The story of how Travis Kalanick built Uber into the most feared and valuable startup in the world, available at: http://www.businessinsider.com/ubers-history/#october-2010-uber-closes-a-125-million-seed-funding-round-from-first-round-capital-kalanicks-friend-chris-sacca-and-napster-cofounder-shawn-fanning-8 (May 11, 2019).
Hicks, N. (2016) Prop. 1 goes down as activist proclaims: ‘Austin made Uber an example’, available at: http://www.mystatesman.com/news/local-govt--politics/prop-goes-down-activist-proclaims-austin-made-uber-example/E0P3Ba6O2ZkW9QrHmc7xvI/ (May 11, 2019).
Hunt, P. & Willetts, M. (2016) Framing the New Progressive Narrative: A Mutual and Cooperative Approach to the Economy and Society (Bruselj: Foundation for European Progressive Studies).
ICA (2015) Co-operative Governance Fit to Build Resilience in the Face of Complexity, available at: http://ica.coop/sites/default/files/basic-page-attachments/ica-governance-paper-en-2108946839.pdf (May 11, 2019).
Isaacjan, M. (2017) What You Need to Know About #DeleteUber, available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/business/delete-uber.html (May 11, 2019).
Konczal, M. (2014) Socialize Uber, available at: https://www.thenation.com/article/socialize-uber/ (May 11, 2019).
LOC (2016) Indonesia: Updated Rules for Ride-Sharing Businesses, available at: http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/indonesia-updated-rules-for-ride-sharing-businesses/ (May 11, 2019).
Toon, M. & Frenken, K. (2015) Stop Saying Uber Is Part Of The Sharing Economy, available at: https://www.fastcompany.com/3040863/stop-saying-uber-is-part-of-the-sharing-economy (May 11, 2019).
Ministrstvo za javno upravo (2016a) ZDA: podpisano skupno pismo o nameri med podjetjem Uber in Ministrstvom za javno upravo, available at: http://www.mju.gov.si/si/novinarsko_sredisce/novica/archive/2016/9/browse/1/select/sporocilo_za_javnost/article/12447/7693/ (May 11, 2019).
Ministrstvo za javno upravo (2016b) Sodobne storitve za državljane in novi poslovni modeli za podjetja - sodelovalno gospodarstvo, available at: http://www.mju.gov.si/si/novinarsko_sredisce/novica/archive/2016/9/browse/1/select/sporocilo_za_javnost/article/12447/7698/ (May 11, 2019).
Ministrstvo za javno upravo (2016c) Slovenija, zelena referenčna država v digitalni Evropi, available at: http://www.mju.gov.si/si/o_ministrstvu/slovenija_zelena_referencna_
drzava_v_digitalni_evropi/ (May 11, 2019).
Newcomer, E. (2017) In Video, Uber CEO Argues With Driver Over Falling Fares, available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-28/in-video-uber-ceo-argues-with-driver-over-falling-fares (May 11, 2019).
O'Keefe, B. & Jones, M. (2015) How Uber plays the tax shell game, available at: http://fortune.com/2015/10/22/uber-tax-shell/ (May 11, 2019).
Palmer, T. (2015) Industry Research Series: Taxis, available at: http://institute.coop/sites/default/files/resources/TaxiIndustryProfile.pdf (May 11, 2019).
Petropoulos, G. (2016) Uber and the economic impact of sharing economy platforms, available at: http://bruegel.org/2016/02/uber-and-the-economic-impact-of-sharing-economy-platforms/ (May 11, 2019).
PwC (2015) The sharing economy, available at: http://www.pwc.com/us/en/industry/entertainment-media/publications/consumer-intelligence-series/assets/pwc-cis-sharing-economy.pdf (May 11, 2019).
Roberts, J. J. (2015) As “sharing economy” fades, these 2 phrases are likely to replace it, available at: http://fortune.com/2015/07/29/sharing-economy-chart/ (May 11, 2019).
Schneider, N. (2016) Denver Taxi Drivers Are Turning Uber’s Disruption on Its Head, available at: https://www.thenation.com/article/denver-taxi-drivers-are-turning-ubers-disruption-on-its-head/ (May 11, 2019).
Scholz, T. & Schneider, N. (2016) Ours to hack and to own: the rise of platform cooperativism, a new vision for the future of work and a fairer internet (New York: OR Books).
Scholz, T. (2016) PLATFORM COOPERATIVISM Challenging the Corporate Sharing Economy (New York: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung).
Slee, T. (2015) What's yours is mine: against the sharing economy (New York: OR Books).
Stearn, M. (2016) Green Taxi Cooperative: Building an alternative to the corporate "Sharing Economy", available at: http://community-wealth.org/content/green-taxi-cooperative-building-alternative-corporate-sharing-economy (May 11, 2019).
Sundararajan, A. (2016) The sharing economy: the end of employment and the rise of crowd-based capitalism (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press).
Tanz, J. (2014) How Airbnb and Lyft Finally Got Americans to Trust Each Other, available at: https://www.wired.com/2014/04/trust-in-the-share-economy/ (May 11, 2019).
Uber (2017a) The Uber story, available at: https://www.uber.com/our-story/ (May 11, 2019).
Uber (2017b) How does Uber work, available at: https://help.uber.com/h/738d1ff7-5fe0-4383-b34c-4a2480efd71e (May 11, 2019).
Vaiana, V. (2016) Disrupting Uber, available at: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/07/uber-drivers-app-ridesharing-taxis-sharing-economy/ (May 11, 2019).
Wear, B. (2016) Austin council supports cab co-op, efforts to help ride-hail companies, available at: http://www.mystatesman.com/news/local/austin-council-supports-cab-efforts-help-ride-hail-companies/TsQt58zCF93Qejj9j6bzvM/ (May 11, 2019).
Young-Hyman, T. (2013) Union Cab: Democratic Worker Ownership in the Taxi Industry, available at: https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~wright/929-utopias-2013/Real%20Utopia%20Readings/Young-Hyman%20-%20Union%20Cab%20chapter.pdf (May 11, 2019).
ZRC SAZU (2017) Ekonomija delitve, sodelovalna potrošnja, available at: http://isjfr.zrc-sazu.si/sl/terminologisce/svetovanje/ekonomija-delitve-sodelovalna-potrosnja, available (May 11, 2019).
