Prometna infrastruktura in gospodarska rast: od zmanjševanja donosov do mednarodnega trgovanja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/17.3.513-533(2019)Ključne besede:
prometna infrastruktura, gospodarska rast, proizvodna funkcijaPovzetek
Gospodarski učinki prometne infrastrukture so bili v ospredju ekonomskih raziskav in razvojnih politik v preteklih treh desetletjih, saj so zgodnje študije postregle z oceno, da so investicije v promet eno glavnih gonil gospodarske rasti. Takšno pojmovanje je na splošno v veljavi še danes, vendar želimo s tem člankom postaviti takšna stališča pod vprašaj; zato smo opravili analize 657 ocen iz 48 študij proizvodne funkcije. Naši izsledki potrjujejo, da obstaja pozitivna, vendar majhna proizvodna elastičnost prometnega omrežja, vendar pa dodajo svoj prispevek k strokovni literaturi, saj pokažejo, da mejni donosi prometne infrastrukture padajo že od 50. let prejšnjega stoletja, zlasti v ZDA in na Kitajskem, medtem ko so bile proizvodne elastičnosti v Evropi skozi vse to obdobje stabilne, toda nizke. Nadalje v članku podajamo pregled študij o učinkih novih cest na uspešnost poslovanja na ravni podjetij ter sklep, ki temelji na dokazu majhnih mejnih donosov prometne infrastrukture na tako makro- kot mikroekonomski ravni, in sicer, da je, vsaj v razvitih državah, potreben bistveno bolj ciljno usmerjen pristop k javnim naložbam.
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