Gonilna sila osnovne ravni samouprave v pekinških soseskah: Socialni kapital, skupnostna mreža in motivacija za nudenje storitev skupnosti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/17.1.159-177(2019)Ključne besede:
samouprava, družbeni kapital, skupnostni odbori, skupnostni delovni urad, PekingPovzetek
Na dnu kitajskega urbanega upravnega sistema so skupnostni odbori, ki jih vodijo ulični uradniki, ki niso odgovorni samo za nudenje socialne pomoči, ampak tudi za vzpostavljanje socialnopolitičnega nadzora nad prebivalci na osnovni ravni družbe. V zadnjih letih je v Peking prišlo veliko migrantskih delavcev, zato je demografska struktura njegovih sosesk čedalje bolj raznolika, kar lahko verjetno povzroči prikrito družbeno nestabilnost. Posledično je več in več skupnostnih odborov pooblaščenih za vzpostavitev skupnostnih delovnih uradov, ki usmerjajo delovanje osnovne ravni upravljanja in razrešujejo višje upravne enote administrativnih odgovornosti. Ker so urbane soseske na Kitajskem v bistvu družba poznanstev v »diferencialnem načinu združevanja (差序格局)«, je delovanje in samoupravljanje skupnostnega delovnega urada odvisno od poznanstev in interakcije med lokalnimi prebivalci, skupnostnimi odbori in skupnostnimi delovnimi uradi. Ta članek namerava raziskati delovanje osnovne samouprave na primeru soseske Panjiayuan v pekinškem okrožju Chaoyang. Empirična raziskava, temelječa na mešanih metodah kvalitativnega intervjuja in kvantitativne ankete, je razkrila, da so skupnostni delovni uradi, ki jih vodijo skupnostni odbori, arena samouprave; njen operativni mehanizem vodi družbeni kapital pod mediatorjem skupnostnega dela, znotraj katerega se v soseski družbeni kapital zbira in množi. Okrepi se tudi motivacija skupnosti za prostovoljno sodelovanje.
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