Integrirano pravosodje v Pakistanu: od pravnega pluralizma do normativne konvergence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/16.4.805-820(2018)Ključne besede:
pravni pluralizem, alternativno reševanje sporov, sodna učinkovitost, Jirga, sodišče, konvergencaPovzetek
V večini držav v razvoju pravni pluralizem obstaja že od začetka kolonialnega obdobja. Odraža se v različnih oblikah in ga zaznamujejo tako obljube kot tudi omejitve. V Pakistanu sta za pravni pluralizem značilna prisotnost in delovanje vzporednih pravosodnih sistemov, kot so formalna sodišča in mehanizem za alternativen način reševanja sporov, kot je npr. Jirga. Zaradi slabega usklajevanja in šibkih mehanizmov izvrševanja pa je formalni pravosodni sistem v Pakistanu eden izmed najslabših izvajalcev v smislu sodne učinkovitosti po vsem svetu. V prispevku želimo proučiti možnost konvergence med tradicionalnimi in sodobnimi modeli reševanja sporov, tj. mehanizmom Jirga in sodišči ter njihovo posledično učinkovitostjo prek snovanja konceptualnega okvira. Okvir razkriva, da tako formalna sodišča kot tudi mehanizem Jirga kažejo jasna neskladja glede svoje učinkovitosti pri zagotavljanju pravice in reševanja sporov. Izsledki s tega področja kažejo, da je Jirga relativno bolj učinkovit mehanizem reševanja sporov kot formalna sodišča. Konceptualni okvir kaže, da je z združevanjem obeh sistemov mogoče obvladati omejitve vsakega izmed sistemov, tako da bi sodišča izvajala pravno legitimnost za mehanizem Jirga prek izboljševanja njegovega dostojanstva in odgovornosti, Jirga pa bi povečal legitimnost sodišč, tako da bi izboljšal njihovo dostopnost in transparentnost prek mehanizmov povratnih informacij. Prispevek se zaključi z utemeljitvijo, da bi se namesto razhoda morala sodišča in mehanizem Jirga povezati, saj bi se tako izognili zamudam pri zagotavljanju pravice.
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