Izzivi pri izvajanju Evropske listine lokalne samouprave v romunski zakonodaji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/16.4.873-893(2018)Ključne besede:
Evropska listina lokalne samouprave, decentralizacija, avtonomija, lokalna oblast, subsidiarnost, RomunijaPovzetek
Evropska listina lokalne samouprave je izjemno pomemben dokument za lokalne ravni upravljanja po vsej EU, ki se je uporabljala kot napotek za razvoj okvira lokalnega upravljanja na podlagi lokalne avtonomije, decentralizacije, ki je blizu prebivalstvu. Bila je zlasti pomembna za države Srednje in Vzhodne Evrope, ko so se soočile z izzivi popolne prenove svojih upravnih sistemov po padcu komunističnih režimov. Romunija spada v ta kontekst kot država, ki se je pozneje pridružila družini evropskih držav in upravni sistem katere je počasi prešel iz hipercentralizirane ureditve v ureditev, ki lokalnim ravnem upravljanja zagotavlja precejšnjo moč. 20 let po ratifikaciji listine so za lokalne ravni upravljanja v Romuniji značilni mešani elementi, in sicer med progresivnimi (varovanje lokalnih oblasti) in konservativnimi (posvetovanje z oblastmi, finančna avtonomnost) glede na priporočila listine. Ta prispevek predstavlja analizo stanja glede lokalnega upravljanja v Romuniji z uporabo listine kot glavnega teoretičnega okvira.
Literatura
ANFP, (2017) Raport privind managementul funcţiilor publice şi al funcţionarilor publici pentru anul 2016, available at: http://www.anfp.gov.ro/R/Doc/2017/Raport%20activitate%202016/RaportManagementFunctiePublica2016.pdf (March 20, 2018).
Balázs, I. & Hoffman, I. (2017) Can (Re)Centralization Be A Modern Governance in Rural Areas?, Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 50 E, pp. 5-20.
Benedek, J. & Bajtalan, H. (2015) Recent regionalization discourses and projects in Romania with special focus on the Székelyland, Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 44 E, pp. 23-41.
Bryane, M., (2008) Issues in Anti-Corruption Law: How Can Code of Conduct Laws Be Drafted in Order to Reduce Corruption in a Public Sector like Romania’s?, European Law Journal, 18(2), pp. 289-322.
Canepa, A., Dragoș, D., Ranta, A. E. & Velișcu, R. (2011) Drept administrativ comparat şi instituţii ale uniunii europene (Cluj-Napoca: Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai), available at: https://www.apubb.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Drept_administrativ_comparat_si_institutii_ale_UE.pdf (March 20, 2018).
Constitution of Romania, 2003, available at: http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?id=371 (March 20, 2018).
Curt, C.C. (2018) Considerations on Public Integrity Standards for Romanian MPs, Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 53 E, pp. 22-37.
ECLSG (1985) European Charter on Local Self Governance, available at: https://rm.coe.int/168007a088 (March 20, 2018).
EFOR (2016) Clientelism politic 2012-2016, Policy Brief no. 45, available at: https://expertforum.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/PB-45-Clientelism-2012-2016.pdf (March 20, 2018).
EFOR, (2018) Raportul anual EFOR 2018: Guvernarea de tip bazar, available at: https://expertforum.ro/raportul-anual-2018/ (March 20, 2018).
European Commission (2017b) Country Report Romania. European Semester: Assessment of progress on structural reforms, prevention and correction of macroeconomic imbalances, and results of in-depth reviews under Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/2017-european-semester-country-report-romania-en.pdf (March 20, 2018).
Frecon, J. C. (2011) Local and regional democracy in Romania, Monitoring Committee, available at: https://rm.coe.int/168071a8b6 (March 20, 2018).
Government Ordinance 45/2003, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gq3tcojw/ordonanta-de-urgenta-nr-45-2003-privind-finantele-publice-locale (March 20, 2018).
Institutul pentru Politici Publice (IPP) (2001) Bugetele locale intre teorie si practica, Bucuresti, available at: http://www.apd.ro/files/publicatii/Bugetele%20locale%20-%20Studiu%20IPP.pdf (March 20, 2018).
Institutul pentru Politici Publice (IPP) (2010) Bugetele autoritatilor locale din România la cote de avarie, available at: www.oot.ro/cdownloads/files/file_10b9d2c0a9dd3e.pdf (March 20, 2018).
Ladner, A., Keuffer, N. & Baldersheim, H. (2015) Local Autonomy Index for European countries (1990-2014). Release 1.0. (Brussels: European Commission).
Law 189/1998, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/ge4tombv/legea-nr-189-1998-privind-finantele-publice-locale (March 20, 2018).
Law 195/2006, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/ha3dgobs/legea-cadru-a-descentralizarii-nr-195-2006 (March 20, 2018).
Law 215/2001, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gezdenryhe/legea-administratiei-publice-locale-nr-215-2001 (March 20, 2018).
Law 27/1994, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/heydonjv/legea-nr-27-1994-privind-impozitele-si-taxele-locale (March 20, 2018).
Law 273/2006, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/ha3tgnjw/legea-nr-273-2006-privind-finantele-publice-locale (March 20, 2018).
Law 339/2004, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gu3dmmrr/legea-cadru-nr-339-2004-privind-descentralizarea (March 20, 2018).
Law 554/2004, available at: http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/57426 (March 20, 2018).
Law 69/1991, available at: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gy3denrz/legea-nr-69-1991-privind-administratia-publica-locala (March 20, 2018).
NALAS (2016) Report: Fiscal Decentralization Indicators for South-East Europe, 2006-2014. Network of Associations of Local Authorities of South East Europe (NALAS), available at: https://acor.ro/files/stiri/raport_decentralizare/2016%20Fiscal%20Decentralisation%20Report.pdf (March 20, 2018).
Oprea, F., Bilan, I., (2015), An evaluation of the economic and financial crisis’s impact on local budgetary aggregates: the Romanian case, 7th International Conference on Globalization and Higher Education in Economics and Business Administration, GEBA 2013, Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, pp. 467-477.
PNDL 1 – Programul National de Dezvoltare Locala, available at: http://www.mdrap.ro/lucrari-publice/pndl (March 20, 2018).
Szabo, S. R. (2017) The Impact of Ethnic Heterogeneity on Decentralization Perceptions in Romania. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 52E, pp. 110-127.
UN (2003) Romania. Public administration profile, Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM), Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) (Washington DC: UN), available at: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023222.pdf (March 20, 2018).
