CIRCULAR URBAN GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK USING HYBRID BIOFILLER REINFORCED POLYVINYL ESTER COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE REUTILIZATION

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and increasing municipal waste accumulation have intensified environmental challenges associated with non-biodegradable and food-derived waste materials. The present study introduces a circular urban waste governance framework for the development of hybrid biofiller composites using recycled urban waste resources. Discarded cigarette filter fibers and processed eggshell powder were utilized as reinforcement and filler materials within a polyvinyl ester matrix system to produce eco-oriented composite structures. The developed composites were fabricated using a compression molding approach and evaluated through tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, thermal, and morphological analyses based on standardized testing procedures. Experimental results demonstrated notable improvements in structural integrity, surface hardness, thermal resistance, and impact behavior with the incorporation of hybrid biofillers. Enhanced interfacial bonding and effective stress transfer mechanisms contributed significantly toward improved composite performance. Thermal investigations further confirmed that the addition of calcium carbonate-rich eggshell particles improved degradation resistance and thermal stability. In addition to material characterization, the study proposes a decentralized municipal waste reutilization model integrating waste segregation, resource recovery, and circular economy implementation within local self-government systems. The proposed framework supports sustainable urban administration by reducing landfill burden, minimizing environmental contamination, and transforming problematic urban wastes into value-added engineering materials. The investigation establishes that hybrid biofiller composite technology can serve as an effective interdisciplinary solution connecting urban waste governance, resource-efficient manufacturing, and circular economy-oriented sustainable development.