VICTIM SURVIVOR OF FORCED LABOR AMONG AETAS: A CASE STUDY IN TARLAC

Abstract

This study explored the experiences, coping mechanisms, and current life conditions of Aeta victim survivors of forced labor in Sitio Ye Young, Barangay Sta. Juliana, Capas, Tarlac. Forced labor remains a serious violation of human rights, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations such as indigenous communities. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight Aeta participants recommended by the community chieftain. The study employed thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes that reflect the participants’ lived experiences. Findings revealed that the Aetas experienced multiple forms of labor exploitation, including withholding of salaries, irregularities in compensation and benefits, false promises, domestic work abuses, maltreatment, and threats. These exploitative practices were facilitated by poverty, low educational attainment, social discrimination, and limited awareness of labor rights. Despite enduring these challenges, the Aetas primarily relied on passive coping mechanisms such as time healing, displacement, and avoidance to manage psychological distress. These strategies, shaped by cultural norms and limited access to formal mental health support, allowed them to endure trauma but did not fully resolve its effects. In terms of current life conditions, most participants continued to live under circumstances similar to those prior to their victimization, relying on subsistence farming and informal work to sustain their families. Only a few reported modest improvements, primarily due to the assistance of educated children. Persistent poverty, low self-esteem, limited education, and social discrimination were identified as barriers to upward mobility and economic empowerment. The study highlights the structural and cultural factors that perpetuate forced labor in indigenous communities and underscores the critical need for interventions that include education, livelihood support, culturally sensitive mental health services, and policies that protect indigenous workers from exploitation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intersection between human rights violations, cultural context, and socioeconomic vulnerability in the Aeta community and offer evidence-based recommendations for promoting social justice, community development, and protection of marginalized groups.