International civil nuclear liability (Its legal nature and the specific conditions for its establishment)

Abstract

 Following World War II, the conflict intensified between the Western bloc, led by the United States, and the Eastern bloc, led by the former Soviet Union. The arms race escalated, with both sides striving to acquire the most powerful military arsenals. This led to the development of the atomic weapons industry and the use of nuclear energy for both military and peaceful purposes.These increasing and expanding nuclear activities have resulted in major nuclear risks and hazards, including accidents that have impacted public health and the environment. These risks are widespread, persistent, and have devastating consequences.This situation has compelled individuals and actors within the international community to intensify their efforts and coordinate cooperation to establish legislative and practical mechanisms for mitigating the serious dangers of nuclear activities. Since the 1960s, numerous regional and international agreements have been concluded, defining the legal nature of nuclear civil liability and outlining the specific conditions necessary for establishing and managing this liability. This is the subject of our current study.