GASTROINTESTINAL, HEPATIC, AND METABOLIC MANIFESTATIONS OF POST-COVID SYNDROME LONG-TERM CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Background: Post-COVID syndrome, or long COVID, has become a prevalent issue, characterized by persistent symptoms and dysfunction across multiple organ systems. Among the most prominent manifestations are gastrointestinal (GI), hepatic, and metabolic disturbances, which significantly impact patient recovery and long-term health outcomes. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for developing effective management strategies that can improve patient outcomes.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and metabolic symptoms associated with post-COVID syndrome, focusing on their persistence and long-term clinical consequences. It also explores the enduring impact of these abnormalities on the overall health outcomes of individuals who have recovered from COVID-19.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Department of Gastroenterology MTI.Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar Pakistan from jan 2021 to june 2021.on 75 post-COVID patients between January 2020 and January 2021. Data were obtained from the medical records of a tertiary care center, focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, diarrhoea), hepatic function (e.g., liver enzyme levels), and metabolic alterations (e.g., glucose levels, lipid profiles). Descriptive statistics, such as mean age, standard deviation, and percentage distributions, were used to describe the demographics and clinical features of the cohort. The relationship between variables was evaluated using chi-square tests and t-tests, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean age of patients was 75 years (SD = 12.5). Common GI symptoms included diarrhoea (35%), bloating (28%), and abdominal pain (22%). Hepatic abnormalities were observed in 30% of patients, while 25% exhibited insulin resistance. A significant correlation was found between GI symptoms and metabolic dysfunction (p < 0.05). Additionally, 15% showed signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which was linked to obesity (p < 0.03). Comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes were associated with more severe manifestations (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Post-COVID syndrome has substantial gastrointestinal, hepatic, and metabolic implications, particularly affecting older adults and individuals with comorbidities. Early identification and management of these abnormalities are critical for improving long-term recovery and enhancing patient quality of life.