MAJOR TREATIES BETWEEN THE PRINCELY STATES OF RAJASTHAN AND THE BRITISH EMPIRE: THE CONTEXT OF BIKANER

Abstract

The period of 1817-18 AD marks a significant turning point in the history of Rajputana, with the relationship between the princely states and the British Empire undergoing substantial changes. Before this period, Rajasthan was characterized by political instability and anarchy, often referred to as 'Jungle Raj,' due to the prevailing insecurity caused by inter-state conflicts and invasions by the Pindaris, Marathas, and Amir Khan. However, the post-1817 period, while offering peace and security, witnessed the growing interference of the British in the internal affairs of the princely states, leading to the erosion of their autonomy under the guise of 'British sovereignty.' This paper explores the treaties signed between the British Empire and the princely states of Rajasthan, with a focus on the Bikaner state. The study analyzes the historical context, key clauses, and the impact of these treaties on the sovereignty and governance of Bikaner, highlighting the shrewd strategies employed by the British to entangle the princely states in a web of dependency and control.