ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN PEDIATRIC INFECTIONS: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance in pediatric infections is an increasing global healthcare challenge, largely driven by inappropriate or excessive use of antibiotics. Resistant infections in infants and young children lead to prolonged hospitalizations, higher morbidity, and the need for more intensive and costly treatments. Effective management strategies are therefore essential to protect this vulnerable population.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical consequences of antibiotic resistance in pediatric infections, evaluate treatment outcomes, and identify strategies to reduce resistance in clinical practice.

Methodology: This study conducted at Department of Pediatrics Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar From jan 2023 to jan 2024. 100 pediatric patients with bacterial infections. Data were collected from hospital records, including patient demographics, antibiotic use, resistance patterns, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed to determine resistance levels. Patients were followed for 30 days to monitor treatment response and complications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, comparing treatment efficacy with resistance rates across different infections.

Results: The cohort had a mean age of 5.2 years (SD ±3.1). 48% of patients showed resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics. The highest resistance was observed in E. coli (32%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (28%). Resistant infections were associated with significantly higher treatment failure (p < 0.05), with 35% of cases requiring second-line antibiotics or prolonged hospitalization. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and respiratory infections were the most frequent resistant infections. Resistance led to longer hospital stays, averaging 3.5 additional days.

Conclusion

Antibiotic resistance in pediatric infections significantly increases treatment complexity, hospitalization duration, and healthcare costs. Implementation of robust antibiotic stewardship programs, rapid diagnostics, and educational initiatives on proper antibiotic use is critical to mitigate resistance and improve clinical outcomes in children.