LEGAL LAND CONFLICT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL LAND CERTIFICATES: LEGAL CERTAINTY IN THE ERA OF ONLINE

Abstract

The digital transformation within Indonesia’s land administration sector through the implementation of electronic land certificates represents a strategic effort to modernize public administrative services. This initiative aims to enhance service efficiency, strengthen transparency, and provide greater legal certainty for the public. However, the adoption of digital land certificates also raises a number of significant challenges that may hinder its effectiveness. One of the central issues concerns legal uncertainty regarding the validity, authenticity, and protection of digitized land data. In addition, technology-based threats—such as hacking, data manipulation, and electronic identity theft—pose substantial risks that could compromise the integrity of the national land administration system.This study employs a normative juridical approach supported by descriptive-qualitative analysis to examine the legal foundation of electronic land certificates, the practical obstacles encountered during implementation, and the forms of legal protection available against potential digital attacks. The findings indicate that although electronic certificates have been formally recognized as authentic documents with evidentiary power, their effectiveness remains limited by inadequate digital infrastructure, disparities in technological literacy, and vulnerabilities in cybersecurity systems. Therefore, strengthening regulatory frameworks, improving digital security mechanisms, and increasing public awareness emerge as urgent measures to ensure the secure and equitable implementation of electronic land certificates. Through these efforts, Indonesia’s digital land administration system is expected to provide services that are more adaptive, reliable, and sustainable in the era of ongoing digital transformation.