IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLICIES ON CORPORATE INNOVATION: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY OF INDIA AND THE USA

Abstract

This study examines the impact of intellectual property (IP) policies on corporate innovation, focusing on a comparative analysis between India and the United States. As innovation increasingly drives global competitiveness, understanding how IP frameworks influence research and development (R&D) activities, patenting behavior, and technology diffusion becomes critical. The research employs a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative analysis of patent data, R&D investment trends, and innovation indices with qualitative insights from policy reviews and expert interviews. Findings reveal that the United States’ mature and enforcement-oriented IP system provides stronger incentives for corporate innovation, particularly in high-technology sectors. Conversely, India’s evolving IP regime, while increasingly aligned with international standards, faces challenges in enforcement, accessibility, and institutional support, which affect innovation outcomes. However, India demonstrates notable growth in frugal and adaptive innovations, driven by policy reforms and emerging start-up ecosystems. The study concludes that balanced IP protection—supporting both innovation incentives and knowledge diffusion—is vital for sustainable innovation growth. It recommends that policymakers in developing economies adopt adaptive IP strategies that nurture indigenous innovation while promoting international collaboration and technology transfer.