COMPARATIVE LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EMERGENCY SERVICES AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA AND BRAZIL

Abstract

This study examines the comparative legal frameworks governing medical emergency services in Indonesia and Brazil, emphasizing the implementation of the right to life and the right to health as fundamental human rights. These two countries were chosen due to their distinct legal systems and institutional capacities in providing emergency healthcare. Using a normative juridical method with legislative and comparative approaches, this research analyzes how both nations ensure access to emergency medical services as part of their human rights obligations. The findings indicate that Brazil offers comprehensive emergency care coverage through the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a national integrated health system that guarantees universal and non-discriminatory access. Conversely, Indonesia still encounters significant challenges in operationalizing similar protections despite the formal acknowledgment of these rights. The study highlights the urgent need for Indonesia to reform its health and legal policies to better align with international human rights standards, particularly concerning emergency medical care, which directly affects citizens’ lives and safety.