A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CHALLENGES AND LEGAL SOLUTIONS OF TRANSPARENCY IN GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS WITH NON-GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES IN IRANIAN AND IRAQI LAW: A FOCUS ON THE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION

Abstract

Government contracts embody systemic corruption that necessitates strong legal frameworks to enforce transparency as a countermeasure. This study uses a comparative analysis of the legal systems of Iran and Iraq to identify transparency-related challenges and propose reforms. Key impediments include ambiguous administrative laws defining the scope of transparency, insufficient state oversight in systematic information management, and  a lack of enforceable  mechanisms to  address  violations. The research posits that constitutional  effectivenesss in  institutionalizing  transparency depends on resolving  these challenges  through legal disclosure  of government  data  and incorporating e-governance  models  that  harmonize  transparency and public order. These measures are vital  for  enhancing  citizen  participation in  oversight. Methodologically, the study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach based on global best practices to identify the dimensions of transparency in government contracts. Ultimately, the study emphasizes transparency as a procedural safeguard and a participatory tool in the fight against corruption.