REGIONAL FACTORS IN THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE EXPORT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHERN BORDER OF MEXICO

Abstract

This study analyzes the effect of regional factors, risk factors, manufacturing practices, and supply chain performance on the international competitiveness of export manufacturing firms in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods: A quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive research design was employed, using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire applied to 235 mid-level managers from export manufacturing firms in Baja California. The instrument included 86 items across 21 dimensions and four latent variables. Results: The findings demonstrate that regional factors such as infrastructure, labor quality, and market proximity have a significant positive effect on competitiveness. Supply chain performance, particularly in terms of delivery time, quality, and flexibility, also emerged as a determinant of international competitiveness. Conversely, risk factors exhibited limited influence. Manufacturing practices, including Total Quality Management (TQM), Just-in-Time, and predictive maintenance, were found to strengthen competitiveness when consistently implemented. Conclusions: This research provides empirical evidence on the relevance of regional conditions and supply chain performance in enhancing competitiveness. The study fills a critical gap in the literature by integrating regional and operational dimensions in a single structural model. The results have both theoretical implications for competitiveness research and practical applications for policymakers and managers seeking to strengthen the export manufacturing sector in Northern Mexico.