PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS OF VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS, ACTAEA RACEMOSA AND LEPIDIUM MEYENII: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Aim: To summarize evidence on the bioactive compounds, women’s health benefits, and functional food applications of chaste berry, black cohosh, and maca. Objective: Summarize Identify active phytoconstituents and their mechanisms with their roles in reproductive and menopausal health. Also highlight functional food and nutraceutical applications with processing methods enhancing bioactive stability. Discussion: Chaste berry, rich in flavonoids and iridoid glycosides, regulates prolactin secretion, aiding PMS, menstrual irregularities, and fertility. Black cohosh, containing triterpene glycosides and phenolics, relieves menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and mood changes. Maca, abundant in macamides and glucosinolates, provides adaptogenic, antioxidant, and fertility-enhancing effects. These botanicals are incorporated into chocolates, dietary supplements, powders, and beverages, improving compliance and product diversity. Advanced technologies such as freeze-drying and microencapsulation enhance phytochemical preservation and bioavailability. Conclusion: Chaste berry, black cohosh, and maca serve as safe, natural ingredients promoting women’s hormonal and reproductive wellness. Their integration into functional foods and nutraceuticals represents a promising approach to support women’s health through nutrition-based therapy.