IMPACT OF VIRTUAL REALITY ON BALANCE AND MOBILITY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized by motor, cognitive, and balance-related symptoms that limit autonomy. The objective of this review was to compare the effects of virtual reality-based therapy versus traditional treatments on balance and mobility in individuals with multiple sclerosis through a systematic review.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across five databases up to February 2025. Five controlled studies were included, comprising a total of 121 participants (64 in the Virtual Reality group and 57 in the control group), who were assessed using objective scales such as the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Tinetti, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) to evaluate balance and mobility. Cochrane tools were used to assess risk of bias and methodological quality.

Results: Analyses showed that Virtual Reality therapy led to significant improvements in balance (BBS: Z = 2.53, p = 0.01; heterogeneity I² = 0%), with differences favoring the experimental group. However, no significant effects were found regarding functional mobility (TUG: Z = 0.04, p = 0.97; I² = 47%). The types of Virtual Reality interventions included exergaming, robotic training, and immersive reality.

Conclusion: Virtual Reality appears to be a promising strategy for improving balance in patients with multiple sclerosis, potentially more effective than traditional therapies. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that it improves overall mobility. Further clinical studies with larger sample sizes and rigorous designs are needed to validate and optimize these personalized interventions.