THE EFFECT OF SOME ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BASIL ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF MALE RATS INDUCED WITH DIABETES

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a collection of metabolic disorders that raise blood sugar by decreasing pancreatic beta cell insulin production or weakening its processes. It's one of the oldest diseases diagnosed by humans. The World Health Organization has divided diabetes into two types: insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent. The American Council on Diabetes Studies and Research has also added another type: gestational diabetes. Due to the expenses associated with the chemicals used to treat this ailment, there has lately been a transition towards the utilization of herbal treatments. These medicines contain active compounds that play a significant role in treating this disease. One such plant is basil. Its aqueous extract contains many active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and others that play an effective role in treating diabetes. Therefore, the study aimed to use the aqueous extract of basil leaves to treat diabetes induced in laboratory rats using the drug alloxan. (40) laboratory rats were used in this study, aged (10-12) weeks and weighing (200-250) grams. Then they were divided into four treatments. The first treatment was a control treatment without treatment. The second treatment was alloxan (150) mg/kg live weight, and the third was alloxan and 250 mg/kg basil leaf extract daily for a month. The fourth was injected with alloxan and given 500 mg/kg living weight basil leaf extract daily for a month. It examined glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and liver enzymes (AST, ALT). Data indicates a considerable increase in glucose and cholesterol levels (p<0.05) after alloxan injection. These levels returned to control group levels after basil aqueous extract treatment. Significantly increased liver enzyme values (ALT, AST) were observed (p<0.05) compared to the untreated control group. These two enzymes returned to near-normal levels after one month of water-based basil leaf extract therapy. The infusion of alloxan significantly increased creatinine and urea levels (+) (p<0.05). Later, water-based basil leaf extract restored concentrations.