SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA (PMAY) IN ROHILKHAND, UTTAR PRADESH: (DEVELOPMENT AND PILOT VALIDATION OF A 50-ITEM MEASUREMENT SCALE)

Abstract

The paper has discussed the development of the 50-item scale and pilot validation of a scale to measure socio-economic impact of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) among micro-credit beneficially receiving beneficiaries within the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. This was based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), Social Exclusion Theory and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The performance of the items, the internal consistency (Cronbach’s A) and the item-total correlation was measured by a purposive pilot sample of N = 67 PMAY beneficiaries through the application of exploratory factor analysis (Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation) to assess the latent dimensionality. The descriptive statistics demonstrated that the full 5-point response scale was used reasonably; the overall reliability was satisfactory (a = 0.785). Analysis of item-total correlation created 13 items (< 0.30) to be reworded or eliminated (26% of items). KMO = 0.653, and Bartlett (kh2 = 986.015, df = 528, p < 0.001) test was an indication that data were sufficient to conduct a factor analysis. PCA has 10 components that explain 68.54 percent of the variation; the rotated values reported consistent factors besides two singleton factors (PHQ8 and SO3) that were suggested to be removed. Recommendations to revise the item, proceed with additional large-scale piloting, and make some steps towards confirmatory validation are offered based on the statistics and theoretical arguments. The sophisticated tool will facilitate the careful evaluation of the socio-economic impact of PMAY in Rohilkhand and other areas like these.