The Salience of Local Urban Development in the Political Party Arena: A Longitudinal Analysis of Slovenian Parliamentary Party Programmes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/13.3.639-638(2015)Keywords:
local urban development, development planning, Slovenia, municipalities, political parties, party programmesAbstract
Local urban development is not determined by a collection of non-political and essentially technical measures prepared by professionals and civil servants in municipalities, but in fact strongly depends on the political nature of policy decisions and organised local interests. The planning of local urban development is, therefore, significantly influenced by political decisions based on the promises set out by political parties in their programmes. Thus, the direction of local development and the dynamics of urban growth cannot be fully understood without a thorough understanding of the views presented in party programmes. This paper aims to map the differences in Slovenian parliamentary party preferences related to local urban development across the political spectrum as well as over time (from 1990 to 2014). By implementing computer-assisted content analysis of 96 party programmes and election manifestos conventionally recognised as thematic text analysis, we identified an alarming image of the political landscape of Slovenia concerning topics related to local urban development. The analysis revealed that the majority of parties utilise local urban development concepts on a declarative level, with most dimensions of sustainable urban development being virtually absent.
References
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Petrocik, J. R. (1996) Issue Ownership in Presidential Elections, with a 1980 Case Study, American Journal of Political Science, 40(3), pp. 825-850.
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Rakar, T., Deželan, T., Vrbica, S., Kolarič, Z., Črnak-Meglič, A. & Nagode, M. (2011) Civil society in Slovenia, (Ljubljana: Uradni list Republike Slovenije).
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Uršič, M. (2010) Oblikovanje kulturne četrti Tabor - analiza fokusnih skupin: (končno poročilo) (Ljubljana: Zavod Bunker).
Uršič, M. (2011) The Diminished Importance of Cultural Sustainability in Spatial Planning: The Case of Slovenia, Culture and Local Governance, 3(1-2), pp. 101–116.
Uršič, M. & Hočevar, M. (2007) Protiurbanost kot način življenja, (Ljubljana: FDV).
Uršič, M., Kos, D., Zavratnik, S., Hočevar, M. & Trček, F. (2012) Spreminjanje ureditve javnega prometa v Ljubljani in Ljubljanski regiji, 2012 (Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede).
Vrbca, S. & Videtič, N. (2010) Pravna sredstva na področju varstva okolja: priročnik za nevladne organizacije in civilne inciative, (Ljubljana: Pravno-informacijski center nevladnih organizacij-PIC).
Welzel, C. (2013) Freedom Rising: Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Whitehead, M. (2003) (Re)Analysing the sustainable city: nature, urbanization and the regulation of socio-environmental relations in the UK, Urban Studies, 40(7), pp. 1183–1206.</span></p>
Beck, U., Giddens, A. & Lash, S. (1994) Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Berger, P. L. & Luckmann, T. (1966) The Social Construction of Reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge (New York: Anchor).
Berger, P. L. & Pullberg, S. (1966) Reification and the Sociological Critique of Consciousness, New Left Review, 35, pp. 56–77.
Bogdanor, V. (1992) The Blackwell encyclopedia of political institutions, (Oxford; Cambridge (Massachusetts): Blackwell).
Budge, I. (1987) The Internal Analysis of Election Programmes, In: Budge, I., Robertson, D. & Hearl D. (eds.) Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: Spatial Analyses of Post-War Election Programmes in 19 Democracies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 15–38.
Budge, I. & Farlie D. E. (1983) Explaining and Predicting Elections: Issue Effects and Party Strategies in Twenty-Three Democracies (London: Unwin Hyman).
Budge, I. Klingemann, H-D., Volkens, A., Bara, J. & Tanenbaum, E. (2001) Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments 1945-1998, (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Castells, M. (1996) The Rise of the Network Society, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture (Malden, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell).
Caul, L. M. & Gray, M. M. (2000) From Platform Declaration to Policy Outcomes: Changing Party Profiles and Partisan Influence Over Policy, In: Dalton R. J. & Wattenberg M. P. (eds.) Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 208–237.
Chouliaraki, L. & Fairclough, N. (1999) Discourse in Late Modernity (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).
Costanza, R. (2009) A new development model for a “full” world, Development, 52(3), pp. 369–376, doi:10.1057/dev.2009.37.
Cruikshank, J. (2003) How are Ideas about Rurality Constructed – A Metho- dological Design, Paper at NOLD 2003, Tromsø, Norway, Regional Development in Place. Between the Cultures of Economic Development and the Economics of Cultural Production, Kristiansand.
Deželan, T. (2010) Sustainable development in Slovenia: cooperation in vain?, In: Fink-Hafner, D. (ed.) The open method of coordination: a view from Slovenia (Ljubljana: Faculty of Social Sciences), pp. 75–98.
Deželan, T., Maksuti, A. & Uršič, M. (2014) Capacity of Local Development Planning in Slovenia: Strengths and Weaknesses of Local Sustainable Development Strategies, Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 12(3), pp. 547–573.
Diener, E. & Suh, E. (1997) Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators, Social Indicators Research, 40(1–2), pp. 189–216, doi.org/10.1023/A:1006859511756.
Downs, A. (1957) An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper).
Gong, J., Chen, W., Liu, Y. & Wang, J. (2014) The intensity change of urban development land: Implications for the city master plan of Guangzhou, China, Land Use Policy, 40(1), 91–100.
Gladwell, M. (2010) Small Change - Why the revolution will not be tweeted. The New Yorker, 4 October, available at: http://www.newyorker.com/ reporting/2010/10/04/101004fa_fact_gladwell (12 Marsh 2011).
Gladwell, M. (2011) Does Egypt need Twitter? The New Yorker, available at: http://www.newyorker.com/ online/blogs/newsdesk/2011/02/does-egypt-need- Twitter.html (12 October 2011).
Habermas, J. (1976) Legitimation Crisis (London: Heinemann).
Harvey, D. (2000) Space and Hope (Berkley, CA: University of California Press).
Heberlig, E., Leland, S. & Read, D. (2014) Local Politics, Organized Interests, and Land-Use Policy: A Research Not Analysing the Perceptions of Urban Planners Working in City Government, Urban Affairs Review, 50(6), pp. 890–903.
Inglehart, R. (1997) Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
Kavanagh, D. (1981) The Politics of Manifestos, Parliamentary Affairs, 34(1), pp. 7–27.
Kavanagh, D. (2000) Labour Party Manifestos 1900-1997, In: Kavanagh D., Dale I. & Dale I. N. (eds.) Labour Party General Election Manifestos (New York: Routledge), pp. 1–8.
Klingemann, H-D., Hofferbert I. R., Budge I. (1994) Parties, Policies, and Democracy (Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford: Westview Press).
Kos, D. (2002) Praktična sociologija za načrtovalce in urejevalce prostora (Ljubljana: FDV).
Kos, D., Uršič, M., Hočevar, M. & Trček, F. (2006) Discourse Analysis of Texts on Ljubljana Urbanism (Ljubljana: Faclulty of Social Sciences)
Latham, E. (1964) Party platform, In: Gould J. & Kolb W. L. (eds.) A Dictionary of the Social Sciences (London: Tavistock publications), pp. 484.
Laver, M. & Garry, J. (2000) Estimating Policy Positions from Political Texts, American Journal of Political Science, 44(3), pp. 619–634.
Liddle, J. (2009) Regeneration and Economic Development in Greece: De-industrialisation and Uneven Development, Local Government Studies, 35(3), pp. 335–354.
Logan, J. & Molotch, H (1987) Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place, (Berkeley: University of California Press).
Lubell, M., Feiock, R. C. & Ramirez de la Cruz, E. E. (2009) Local Institutions and the Politics of Urban Growth, American Journal of Political Science, 53(3), pp. 649–665.
Marans, R.W. & Stimson, R. (eds) (2011) Investigating Quality of Urban Life Theory, Methods and Empirical Research (Dordrecht etc.: Springer).
Merz, N. & Regel, S. (2013) What are Manifestos for? Selecting and Typing Documents in the Database, In: Volkens, A., Bara, J., Budge, I., McDonald, M. D. & Klingemann, H-D. (eds) Mapping Policy Preferences from Texts III (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 146–168.
Monroe, A. D. (1983) American Party Platforms and Public Opinion, American Journal of Political Science, 27(1), pp. 27–42.
Netjes, C. E. & Binnema, H. A. (2007) The salience of the European integration issue:Three data sources compared, Electoral Studies, 26(1), 39–49.
Offe, C. (1987) The Utopia of the Zero Option: Modernity and Modernization as Normative Political Criteria, Praxis International, 1, pp. 1–24.
Pacione, M. (2009) Power, Politics and Urban Governance. Urban Geography: A Global Perspective, 3 edition (Abington: Routledge).
Pahl, R. E. (1977) Managers, technical experts and the state, In: M. Harloe (ed.) Captive cities: Studies in the political economy of cities and regions (London/New York: Wiley), pp. 49–60.
Parkin, S. (2000) Context and drivers for operationalizing sustainable development, Proceedings of ICE, 138, pp. 9–15.
Petrocik, J. R. (1996) Issue Ownership in Presidential Elections, with a 1980 Case Study, American Journal of Political Science, 40(3), pp. 825-850.
Popping, R. (2000) Computer-assisted Text Analysis (Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications).
Rakar, T., Deželan, T., Vrbica, S., Kolarič, Z., Črnak-Meglič, A. & Nagode, M. (2011) Civil society in Slovenia, (Ljubljana: Uradni list Republike Slovenije).
Richardson, J. E. (2007) Analysing Newspapers: An Approach From Critical Discourse Analysis (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).
Riker, W. H. (1993) Rhetorical Interaction in the Ratification Campaigns, In: Riker W. H. (ed.) Agenda Formation, (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press), pp. 81-123.
Robertson, D. (1976) A Theory of Party Competition, (London and New York: Wiley).
Robertson, D. (2002) The Routledge Dictionary of Politics (London; New York: Routledge).
Saha, D. & Paterson, R. G. (2008) Local Government Efforts to Promote the “Three Es” of Sustainable Development Survey in Medium to Large Cities in the United States, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 28(1), pp. 21–37. doi: 10.1177/0739456X08321803.
Saldaña, J. (2009) The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (Los Angeles, CA: Sage).
Salovaara-Moring, I. (2004) Media Geographies: Regional Newspaper Discourses in Finland in the 1990s (Helsinki: Gummerus).
Sides, J. (2006) The Origins of Campaign Agendas, British Journal of Political Science, 36(3), pp. 407-436.
Solé Ollé, A. & Viladecans-Marsal, E. (2012) Lobbying, political competition, and local land supply: Recent evidence from Spain, Journal of Public Economics, 96(1-2), pp. 10–19.
Solé Ollé, A. & Viladecans-Marsal, E. (2013) Do political parties matter for local land use policies?, Journal of Urban Economics, 78(1), pp. 42–56.
Smith, C. A. & Smith, K. B. (2000) A Rhetorical Perspective on the 1997 British Party Manifestos, Political Communication, 17(4), pp. 457-473.
Stokes, D. E. (1963) Spatial Models of Party Competition, American Political Science Review, 57(2), pp. 368-377.
UNESCO (2010) UNESCO’s Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005 – 2014) (Paris: Division for the Promotion of Quality Education, UNESCO).
United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) (2004, 2008) Agenda 21 for culture, (Barcelona: Committee on culture – United Cities and Local Governments).
United Nations (1987) Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future (New York: United Nations) , available at: http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm (June 1, 2010).
United Nations (1992a) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro: United Nations).
United Nations (1992b) Agenda 21 (New York: United Nations), available at: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/Agenda21.pdf (March 13, 2010).
United Nations (2011) Environmental Programme: The Action Plan (New York: United Nations), available at: http://www.unepmap.org/index.php?module=content2&catid= 001001002 (February 12, 2011).
Urry, J. (1995) Consuming Places (London & New York: Routledge).
Uršič, M. (2010) Oblikovanje kulturne četrti Tabor - analiza fokusnih skupin: (končno poročilo) (Ljubljana: Zavod Bunker).
Uršič, M. (2011) The Diminished Importance of Cultural Sustainability in Spatial Planning: The Case of Slovenia, Culture and Local Governance, 3(1-2), pp. 101–116.
Uršič, M. & Hočevar, M. (2007) Protiurbanost kot način življenja, (Ljubljana: FDV).
Uršič, M., Kos, D., Zavratnik, S., Hočevar, M. & Trček, F. (2012) Spreminjanje ureditve javnega prometa v Ljubljani in Ljubljanski regiji, 2012 (Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede).
Vrbca, S. & Videtič, N. (2010) Pravna sredstva na področju varstva okolja: priročnik za nevladne organizacije in civilne inciative, (Ljubljana: Pravno-informacijski center nevladnih organizacij-PIC).
Welzel, C. (2013) Freedom Rising: Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Whitehead, M. (2003) (Re)Analysing the sustainable city: nature, urbanization and the regulation of socio-environmental relations in the UK, Urban Studies, 40(7), pp. 1183–1206.</span></p>
Published
2015-07-31
Issue
Section
Conference Paper (Annual Conference 2020)
