Umor intimnega partnerja v času COVID-19 v Sloveniji

Avtorji

  • Lora Briški University of Ljubljana, Institute of Criminology at the Faculty of Law
  • Mojca Mihelj Plesničar University of Ljubljana, Institute of Criminology at the Faculty of Law

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4335/10.4335/20.2.455-478(2022)

Ključne besede:

umor intimnega partnerja, Covid-19, umor, uboj

Povzetek

Epidemija COVID-19 in ukrepi, uporabljeni za njeno obvladovanje, so (med drugim) vplivali na medosebne odnose in družinsko življenje. Članek raziskuje, kako so te spremenjene okoliščine povezane z vzorci umora intimnega partnerja v Sloveniji. V ta namen preučujeva nedavne trende umora intimnega partnerja in jih primerjava s trendi umorov na splošno. V drugem delu članka sva kvalitativno pregledali vse primere umora intimnega partnerja, do katerih naj bi prišlo med epidemijo COVID-19 v Sloveniji in o katerih so poročali v spletnih časopisih. Predhodna preiskava umorov, storjenih med epidemijo COVID-19, je pokazala, da so umori intimnih partnerjev verjetno pogostejši, medtem ko se njihovi vzorci niso bistveno spremenili.

Literatura

Adinkrah, M. (1999) Spousal Homicides in Fiji, Homicide Studies, 3(3), pp. 215–240, https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767999003003002.

Aldridge, M. L. & Browne, K. D. (2003) Perpetrators of spousal homicide: A review, Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 4(3), pp. 265–276, https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838003004003005.

Andresen, M. A. & Malleson, N. (2015) Intra-week spatial-temporal patterns of crime, Crime Science, 4(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-015-0024-7.

Bates, L., Hoeger, K., Stoneman, M.-J., & Whitaker, A. (2021) Domestic Homicides and Suspected Victim Suicides During the Covid-19 Pandemic 2020-2021: Vulnerability Knowledge and Practice Programme (VKPP) (Home Office, Vulnerability Knowledge & Practice Programme, National Police Chiefs Council, College of Policing), available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1013128/Domestic_homicides_and_suspected_victim_suicides_during_the_Covid-19_Pandemic_2020-2021.pdf (September 15, 2021).

Belfrage, H. & Rying, M. (2004) Characteristics of spousal homicide perpetrators: A study of all cases of spousal homicide in Sweden 1990–1999, Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 14(2), pp. 121–133, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.577.

Bertok, E. & Plesničar M., M. (September 14, 2021), Intimate partner homicide in Slovenia: Characteristics through time [Conference presentation], 4th European Conference on Domestic Violence: September 13th-15th 2021, online from Ljubljana, available at: http://ecdv-ljubljana.org/PROGRAM/ECDV_2021_zbornik_f.pdf (September 15, 2021).

Block, C. R. & Christakos, A. (1995) Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years, Crime & Delinquency, 41(4), pp. 496–526, https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128795041004008.

Bridger, E., Strang, H., Parkinson, J. & Sherman, L. W. (2017) Intimate Partner Homicide in England and Wales 2011–2013: Pathways to Prediction from Multi-agency Domestic Homicide Reviews, Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing, 1(2), pp. 93–104, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41887-017-0013-z.

Campbell, A. M. (2020) An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives, Forensic Science International: Reports, 2(100089), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089.

Campbell, J. C., Glass, N., Sharps, P. W., Laughon, K. & Bloom, T. (2007) Intimate partner homicide: Review and implications of research and policy, Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 8(3), pp. 246–269, https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838007303505.

Campbell, J. C., Webster, D., Koziol-McLain, J., Block, C., Campbell, D., Curry, M. A., Gary, F., Glass, N., McFarlane, J., Sachs, C., Sharps, P., Ulrich, Y., Wilt, S. A., Manganello, J., Xu, X., Schollenberger, J., Frye, V. & Laughon, K. (2003) Risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships: Results from a multisite case control study, American Journal of Public Health, 93(7), pp. 1089–1097, https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.7.1089.

Carcach, C. & James, M. (1998) Homicide between Intimate Partners in Australia,Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no. 90, available at https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi90 (September 5, 2021).

Dawson, M. & Gartner, R. (1998) Differences in the Characteristics of Intimate Femicides: The Role of Relationship State and Relationship Status, Homicide Studies, 2(4), pp. 378–399, https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767998002004003.

Dobash, R. E., Dobash, R. P., Cavanagh, K. & Lewis, R. (2004) Not an Ordinary Killer— Just an Ordinary Guy: When Men Murder an Intimate Woman Partner, Violence Against Women, 10(6), pp. 577–605, https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801204265015.

Dutton, D. G. & Kerry, G. (1999) Modus operandi and personality disorder in incarcerated spousal killers, International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 22(3–4), pp. 287–299, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-2527(99)00010-2.

Eke, A. W., Hilton, N. Z., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E. & Houghton, R. E. (2011) Intimate Partner Homicide: Risk Assessment and Prospects for Prediction, Journal of Family Violence, 26(3), pp. 211–216, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-010-9356-y

Evans, M. L., Lindauer, M. & Farrell, M. E. (2020) A Pandemic within a Pandemic—Intimate Partner Violence during Covid-19, New England Journal of Medicine, 383(24), 2302–2304, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2024046.

Filipčič, K., Drobnjak, M., Plesničar M., M. & Bertok, E. (2021) Intimnopartnersko nasilje v času pandemije covida-19, Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo, 72(1), pp 65–78.

Fridel, E. E. & Fox, J. A. (2019) Gender Differences in Patterns and Trends in U.S. Homicide, 1976–2017, Violence and Gender, 6(1), pp. 27–36, https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2019.0005.

Getoš Kalac, A.-M. (2021) Violence in the Balkans: First findings from the Balkan Homicide Study (Cham: Springer).

Hakko, H., Räsänen, P. & Tiihonen, J. (1998) Increasing homicide rate in Finland accompanied by decreasing seasonality over the period 1957-95, Social Science & Medicine, 47(11), pp. 1695–1698, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00254-8.

Kinports, K. (2004) So Much Activity, so Little Change: A Reply to the Critics of Battered Women’s Self-Defense, Saint Louis University Public Law Review, 23, pp. 155 –192.

Koppa, V. & Messing, J. T. (2019) Can Justice System Interventions Prevent Intimate Partner Homicide? An Analysis of Rates of Help Seeking Prior to Fatality, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, pp. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519851179.

Korošec, D. (2018) Razmišljanje o koncu življenja – kazenskopravni vidik, In: Tratnik Volasko, M. (ed.) Razmišljanja o vprašanjih ob iztekanju življenja: Zbornik referatov in razprav, št. 1/2018 (Ljubljana: Državni svet Republike Slovenije), pp. 13-28.

Landau, S. F. & Fridman, D. (1993) The Seasonality of Violent Crime: The Case of Robbery and Homicide in Israel, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(2), 163–191.

Loinaz, I., Marzabal, I. & Andrés-Pueyo, A. (2018) Risk factors of female intimate partner and non-intimate partner homicides, The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 10, pp. 49-55, https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2018a4.

McDowall, D. & Curtis, K. M. (2015) Seasonal Variation in Homicide and Assault Across Large U.S. Cities, Homicide Studies, 19(4), pp. 303–325, https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767914536985.

McPhedran, S., Eriksson, L., Mazerolle, P., De Leo, D., Johnson, H. & Wortley, R. (2018) Characteristics of Homicide-Suicide in Australia: A Comparison with Homicide-Only and Suicide-Only Cases, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(11), pp. 1805–1829, https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515619172.

Milroy, C. M. (1995) Reasons for homicide and suicide in episodes by dyadic death in Yorkshire and Humberside, Medicine, Science, and the Law, 35(3), pp. 213–217, https://doi.org/10.1177/002580249503500307.

Mize, K. D. & Shackelford, T. K. (2008) Intimate partner homicide methods in heterosexual, gay, and lesbian relationships, Violence and Victims, 23(1), pp. 98–114, https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.1.98.

Nicolaidis, C., Curry, M. A., Ulrich, Y., Sharps, P., McFarlane, J., Campbell, D., Gary, F., Laughon, K., Glass, N. & Campbell, J. (2003) Could we have known? A qualitative analysis of data from women who survived an attempted homicide by an intimate partner, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18(10), pp. 788–794, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21202.x.

Penal Reform International (2016) Women who kill in response to domestic violence: How do criminal justice systems respond? (Linklaters LLP for Penal Reform International), available at: https://cdn.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Women_who_kill_in_response_to_domestic_violence_Full_report.pdf (September 10, 2021).

Petrovec, D. & Plesničar, M. M. (2009) Percepcija ženske kriminalitete z vidika odmere kazni, Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo, 60(2), pp. 91–105.

Plesničar M., M. 2018), Murder in Slovenia time [Conference presentation], Nasilje, kultura in kapitalizem: Nacionalna kriminološka konferenca, Ljubljana, November 29, 2018, available at: https://www.cnvos.si/media/filer_public/3c/aa/3caa5e91-db5f-4258-b9e2-546d9c184219/kriminoloska_konferenca.pdf (September 15, 2021).

Podobnik, N. (2021) Iztekla se je druga razglasitev epidemije covida-19 (STA), available at https://www.sta.si/2912063/iztekla-se-je-druga-razglasitev-epidemije-covida-19 (November 14, 2021).

Podreka, J. (2014) Intimnopartnerski umori v Sloveniji in njihova spolna zaznamovanost, Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo, 65(1), pp. 60–73.

Podreka, J. (2017) Bila si tisto, kar je molčalo: Intimnopartnerski umori žensk v Sloveniji (Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete).

Podreka, J. (2021) Sociologinja Jasna Podreka: »Stopnja okrutnosti se je povečala, to je tisto, kar me najbolj skrbi« (Svet24), available at: https://novice.svet24.si/clanek/novice/slovenija/5ff9b9ecc8526/sociologinja-jasna-podreka-stopnja-okrutnosti-se-je-povecala-to-je-tisto-kar-me-najbolj-skrbi (September 14, 2021).

Rye, S. & Angel, C. (2019) Intimate Partner Homicide in Denmark 2007–2017: Tracking Potential Predictors of Fatal Violence, Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing, 3(1), pp. 37–53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41887-019-00032-0.

Salfati, C. G. (2003) Offender Interaction With Victims in Homicide: A Multidimensional Analysis of Frequencies in Crime Scene Behaviors, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(5), pp. 490–512, https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260503251069.

Serran, G. & Firestone, P. (2004) Intimate partner homicide: A review of the male proprietariness and the self-defense theories, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(1), pp. 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(02)00107-6.

Svetin, I. (2017) V 2016 v Sloveniji 26 nasilnih smrti (Republika Slovenija Statistični Urad), available at: https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/News/Index/6735 (August 25, 2021).

Tiihonen, J., Räsänen, P. & Hakko, H. (1997) Seasonal variation in the occurrence of homicide in Finland, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(12), pp. 1711–1714, https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1711.

Vatnar, S. K. B., Friestad, C. & Bjørkly, S. (2019) A Comparison of Intimate Partner Homicide With Intimate Partner Homicide-Suicide: Evidence From a Norwegian National 22-Year Cohort, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, pp 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519849656.

Voce, I., & Bricknell, S. (2020) Female perpetrated intimate partner homicide: Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders (Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology), available at: https://www.aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-05/sr20_female_perpetrated_intimate_partner_homicide-v2.pdf (September 15, 2021).

Voglar, M. (1997) Družinski umori v Sloveniji, Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo, 48(1), pp. 51–62.

Wallace, A. (1986) Homicide: The Social Reality (Sydney: N.S.W. Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research), available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.420.6650&rep=rep1&type=pdf (September 20, 2021).

Wilson, M. & Daly, M. (1993) Spousal homicide risk and estrangement, Violence and Victims, 8(1), pp. 3–16.

Zimmerman, G. M., Fridel, E. E. & Gerdes, M. (2021) Examining the Racial Dynamic of the Victim-offender Dyad in Homicide-suicide: Does Intraracial Homicide Encourage Perpetrator Suicide?, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 58(4), pp. 420–466, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427820979620.

Objavljeno

2022-04-21

Številka

Rubrika

Article

Kako citirati

Umor intimnega partnerja v času COVID-19 v Sloveniji. (2022). Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 20(2), 455-478. https://doi.org/10.4335/10.4335/20.2.455-478(2022)