SECURING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR SMART GOVERNANCE: A DAVIS MEYER ALGORITHM APPROACH AGAINST BLACK HOLE ATTACKS

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are now a crucial part of contemporary digital infrastructure enabling data-driven governance applications environmental sensing and real-time monitoring in a variety of fields including public safety urban management and the execution of environmental policies. WSNs are vulnerable to various security threats that jeopardize data integrity confidentiality and overall network reliability due to their inherent limitations which include limited energy computational capacity and susceptibility to environmental adversities. Among these the Black Hole attack is a crucial denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability in which malevolent nodes promote themselves as having the quickest and most recent route to the destination drawing substantial amounts of network traffic. These compromised nodes disrupt data transmission and impair network performance by dropping packets rather than forwarding them after the traffic is rerouted. In order to overcome this difficulty this study presents the Davis Meyer algorithm a reliable cryptographic and routing control system intended to identify and lessen Black Hole attacks in WSN settings. The suggested model increases data transmission reliability reduces packet loss and maintains network lifetime without placing a heavy computational burden on sensor nodes. In addition to strengthening WSNs resistance to malevolent intrusions the suggested method advances the creation of safe sustainable and governance-aligned sensor networks that are appropriate for widespread implementation in smart cities and environmental monitoring systems.