FRIENDSHIP, RELIGION AND POWER DYNAMICS IN THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH

Abstract

The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the oldest literary works in human history. Contemporary scholars consider the work as a perfect example of futility wherein characters search for friendship, religion and power in order to enjoy what the world offers. Even though less is known about religious institutions in the poem, there are certain clues in the work that allude to the importance spirituality is given that controverts the present view of ancient Mesopotamian culture.Friendship, religion and power themes as demonstrated in the Epic seems to be inextricably connected. The believe in killing of dissidents in order to destroy civilization and propel others into kingship as well as promote bureaucracy, reveals the struggle for power coupled with absence of freedom and political stability. Unlike Achilles who is thrilled by constant presence of death as a result of power struggle, Gilgamesh abhors and strongly condemns it as he believes death leads to the end of all human relationships. The illusions of a better and eternal life after death leads to constant power struggle between Gilgamesh and Achilles. Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk regards himself to be a god as he considers himself superior to others. Just like Gilgamesh, Enkidu considers himself a powerful man in regard to the way he treats his friends. Both Gilgamesh and Enkidu maintainnonerotic, unrivalled, covenantal friendship. They cherish and believe in each other. To demonstrate their true friendship, Gilgamesh rewards Enkidu with some of his most valued items and shares his power with him. The three themes of friendship, religion and power are revealed in the way Gilgamesh mourns Enkidu after his death. In the light of the foregoing, this article therefore examines the themes of friendship, religion and power at the hands of the Epic of Gilgamesh. Moreover, it analyses how true friendship, religion and power in the ancient Mesopotamian societies is in contrast with practice in the contemporary world.Finally, a summary of the article along with recommendations are made in the conclusion section.