The Significance of the Imperative in the Context of the Qur’anic Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52152/4mawgw63Keywords:
semantics, context, construction, imperative, the Holy Qur’anAbstract
Semantics is a branch of linguistics through which the meanings of lexical items can be accessed via contexts of speech. The science of meanings is one of the three Arabic rhetorical sciences—maʿānī (semantics), bayān (elucidation), and badīʿ (embellishment)—and it is closely connected to sentence construction and structure. Rhetoricians paid great attention to stylistic forms, particularly the imperative constructive styles, among which the imperative occupies a prominent place, as it is one of the most frequently used styles due to its close connection with religious discourse. Interest in studying it stems from its importance and status in issuing prescriptive rulings and distinguishing between what is lawful and unlawful. Accordingly, to what extent does the semantic value of the imperative appear in religious texts, whether explicit or implicit, that require interpretation?
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Van Ryzin, Gregg G., Douglas Muzzio, Stephen Immerwahr, Lisa Gulick, and Eve Martinez. 2004. “Drivers and Consequences of Citizen Satisfaction: An Application of the American Customer Satisfaction Index Model to New York City.” Public Administration Review 64(3): 331-341.
Van Ryzin, Gregg. G. 2013, “An Experimental Test of the Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory of Citizen Satisfaction.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 32(3): 597–614.
Brown, Karin and Philip B. Coulter. 1983. “Subjective and Objective Measures of Police Service Delivery” Public Administration Review 43: 50-58.
Chang, Su-Chao, and Lin, Wen Bao. 2001. " A Study of the Interrelationship Between Related Factors of Perceptivity on Service Quality with Disconfirmation and Relationship Quality Achievements ." Chung Hua Journal of Management 2 (1): 1-18. (in Chinese)
Chang, Su-Ming. 2000. "Scientific foundation and political functions and limitations of opinion polls: Satisfaction polls for government officials in Taiwan." Public Administration & Policy 2: 1-39 (in Chinese)
Charbonnequ, Etienne and Gregg G. Van Ryzin. 2013. “Benchmarks and Citizen Judgments of Local Government Performance: Findings from Survey Experiment.” Public Management Review. http:// DOI:10.1080/14719037.2013.798027.
Chen, Don-yun, and Lee, Chung-pin. 2010. "Investigating public thought: Theory and practice behind public survey techniques." Research, Development and Evaluation Bimonthly 34 (5): 53-66. (in Chinese)
Chen, Don-yun. 2012. Democratic governance:an institutional reconciliation of public administration and democracy . Taipei: Wunan Book Inc. (in Chinese)
Cheng, Ming-Huei, and Juang, Wen-Jong. 2013. " A Study of Information Consistency and Divergence among Public Perception, Media Reports and Official Statistics: A Case of a Three-in-one Election of Greater Tainan City in 2010." Survey Research 29: 37-79. (in Chinese)
Chou, Tsu-Cheng. 1998. "Factors affecting satisfaction for senior officials: Government organizations and survey controversy." Theory and Policy 12 (1): 73-88. (in Chinese)
Dahl, R.A., 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Dehoog, Ruth Hoogland, David Lowery and William E. Lyons. 1990. “Citizen Satisfaction with Local Governance: A Test of Individual, Jurisdictional, and City-Specific Explanations.” The Journal of Politics 52(3): 807-837.
Donnelly, Mike., Mik Wisniewski, John F. Dalrymple, and Adrienne C. Curry. 1995. “Measuring service quality in local government: the SERVQUAL approach.” International Journal of Public Sector Management 1995 8:7 , 15-20
Fu, Hung-der. 2005. " Political Knowledge, Political Evaluation, and Voting Choice: A Study of Legislative Election of 2001 ." Journal of Electoral Studies 12 (1): 39-68. (in Chinese)
Gaster, Lucy and Hans Rutqvist 2000. “Changing the ‘front line’ to meet citizen needs,” Local Government Studies, 26:2, 53-70
Hwang, Edward K. 2007. " Research for the Administrative Satisfaction in Local Governments: Miaoli Government 2005 Case Study ." Chung Hua Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 6: 10-42. (in Chinese)
Hwang, Edward K. 2009. " Administrative Satisfaction at Local Governments: Miaoli Government 2008 Case Study ." The Journal of Chinese Public Administration 6: 35-59. (in Chinese)
James, Oliver. 2009. “Evaluating the Expectations Disconfirmation and Expectations Anchoring Approaches to Citizen Satisfaction with Local Public Services.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19 (1): 107-123
James, Oliver. 2011. “Performance Measures and Democracy: Information Effects on Citizens in Field and Laboratory Experiments.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 21(3): 399–418.
Kelly, J. M. 2005. “The Dilemma of the Unsatisfied Customer in a Market Model of Public Administration.” Public Administration Review 65(1), 76-84.
Kelly, Janet M. 2003 “Citizen Satisfaction and Administrative Performance Measures: Is there Really a Link?” Urban Affairs Review. 38(6): 855-866.
Kelly, Janet M. and David Swindell. 2002a. “A Multiple-Indicator Approach to Municipal Service Evaluation: Correlating Performance Measurement and Citizen Satisfaction across Jurisdictions.” Public Administration Review 62(5): 610-620.
Kelly, Janet M. and David Swindell. 2002b. “Service Quality Variation Across Urban Space: First Steps Toward a Model of Citizen Satisfaction.” Journal of Urban Affairs. 24(3): 271-288.
Lewis, B. D. and Pattinasarany, D. 2009.“Determining Citizen Satisfaction with Local Public Education in Indonesia: The Significance of Actual Service Quality and Governance Conditions.”Growth and Change, 40: 85–115
LGA (Local Government Association). 2004. What Drivers Public Satisfaction with Local Government? Local Government Association.
Liao, Yih-Hsing. 2009. " Are Voters Emotional or Rational? A Case Study of HsinChu City Government's Job Performance Poll." The Journal of Election Review 6: 55-76. (in Chinese)
Liu, Frank C.S., Jang, Chyi-Lu, and Huang, Jin-Lin. 2013. "Influencing factors for public satisfaction towards local governments." Report commissioned by the Research, Development and Evaluation Commission, Executive Yuan. (in Chinese)
Liu, Jia-wei. 2011. "No link between media use and political attitudes: Government satisfaction." Collections from the 2011 Annual Taiwan Political Science Conference and Xinhai Centennial and Cross-Strait Political Development Academic Seminar. Taipei: Taiwanese Political Science Association; Department of Political Science, National Chengchi University. (in Chinese)
Miller T.I., and Miller M.A. 1991.“Standards of Excellence: U.S. Residents’ Evaluations of Local Government Services”, Public Administration Review 51(6): 503- 514.
Nordhaus, William D. 1975. “The Political Business Cycle.” The Review of Economic Studies 42(2): 169–190
Oliver, JamesRichard L. 1980. “A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions.” Journal of Marketing Research 17: 460-469.
Olsen, A. L. 2013. Compared to What? Experimental Evidence on Social and Historical Reference Points in Performance Evaluation. Paper presented at the 11th Public Management Research Conference, Madison, WI, June 20–23.
Osborne, David, and Ted Gaebler. 1992. Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming the Public Sector. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Parks, Roger B. 1984. “Linking Objective and Subjective Measures of Performance” Public Administration Review, March/April: 118-127.
Roch, Christine H. and Theodore H. Poister. 2006. “Citizens, Accountability, and Service Satisfaction: The Influence of Expectations” Urban Affairs Review. 41(3): 292-308.
RSA (Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce). 2010 “What do people want, need , and expect from public services?” http://www.ipsos-mori.com/, accessed 2014/8/7.
Scott, Don and Peter Vitartas. 2008. “The Role of Involvement and Attachment in Satisfaction with Local Government Services” International Journal of Public Sector Management 21(1): 45-57.
Tiebout, Charles 1956. “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures.” Journal of Political Economy 64:416-424.
Van Ryzin, Gregg G. 2004. “Expectations, performance, and Citizen Satisfaction with urban service.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 23(3): 433-438.
Van Ryzin, Gregg G. 2006. “Testing the Expectancy Disconfirmation：Model of Citizen Satisfaction with Local Government.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 16(4): 599-611.
Van Ryzin, Gregg G. 2007a. “PIECES OF A PUZZLE: Linking Government Performance, Citizen Satisfaction, and Trust.” Public Performance & Management Review 30(4): 521-535.
Van Ryzin, Gregg G. 2007b. “Can Citizen Accurately Judge Performance?” Paper presented at the European Group of Public Administration 2007 Annual Conference, Madrid. September, 2007.
Van Ryzin, Gregg G. and Stephen Immerwahr 2007. “Importance-Performance Analysis of Citizen Satisfaction Surveys.” Public Administration 85(1):215-226.
Van Ryzin, Gregg G., Douglas Muzzio, Stephen Immerwahr, Lisa Gulick, and Eve Martinez. 2004. “Drivers and Consequences of Citizen Satisfaction: An Application of the American Customer Satisfaction Index Model to New York City.” Public Administration Review 64(3): 331-341.
Van Ryzin, Gregg. G. 2013, “An Experimental Test of the Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory of Citizen Satisfaction.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 32(3): 597–614.
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2025-11-15
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The Significance of the Imperative in the Context of the Qur’anic Text. (2025). Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 23(10), 1370-1374. https://doi.org/10.52152/4mawgw63
